秦汉魏晋时期荒政思想研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 20:17

【摘要】： 自然灾害是造成农村经济波动、动摇农业基础地位的一个不可忽视的重要因素,是直接影响农民增收的一大祸根。所以要巩固和加强农业的基础地位,必须高度重视农业防灾、减灾问题,建立农业防灾、减灾体系,最大限度地减少农业灾害对农业造成的损失。因此,研究和总结历史上的荒政思想,对于今天的防灾减灾来说,无疑具有重要的参考或借鉴意义。本文试图通过研究和总结秦汉魏晋时期荒政思想,运用分析比较和马克思主义批判继承的方法,从中得出一些可资借鉴的经验和教训。本文运用经济学的基本理论,在对荒政思想及其相关概念进行界定的基础上,阐述了农业灾害的基本经济理论。回顾和总结了先秦荒政思想的基本内容,首先对秦汉时期荒政思想从两个方面作了进一步具体分析和探讨,一方面是对本时期不同人物的荒政思想从农业灾害理论角度作了分析和评价;另一方面,是从灾前预防、灾中救济和灾后恢复的角度对这一时期其它荒政思想进行了分析和总结。另外,在广泛收集资料的基础上尝试性地探讨了魏晋南北朝时期的荒政思想。最后,针对秦汉魏晋时期荒政思想的基本内容,提出了这些思想对今天农业减灾的启示:即在建立农业防灾减灾体系方面,从防灾的角度出发建立和完善农业防灾预警机制,从备荒的角度出发应加强粮食的仓储管理;从减轻农民负担的角度出发应重视向灾区农业倾斜的政策;从防疫的角度出发不断改善农村的医疗条件,防止疾病的发生和蔓延,进而做到“灾后无大疫”;从保障灾民的灾后生活方面研究要不断完善灾害保障制度;从灾后帮助灾民恢复生产的方面研究要完善农村的金融组织机构,给灾民提供低息或无息贷款;从灾后的补偿方面探讨要建立健全我国的农业灾害保险制度。
[Abstract]:Natural disaster is an important factor which can not be ignored which causes the fluctuation of rural economy and shakes the basic position of agriculture. It is also a major disaster that directly affects farmers' income. Therefore, in order to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture, we must attach great importance to the problems of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, establish a system of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and minimize the losses caused by agricultural disasters to agriculture. Therefore, the study and summary of the historical thinking of famine, for today's disaster prevention and mitigation, undoubtedly has an important reference or reference significance. This paper attempts to study and summarize the ideology of famine in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, and use the methods of analysis and comparison and Marxist criticism and inheritance to draw some experiences and lessons that can be used for reference. In this paper, the basic economic theory of agricultural disaster is expounded on the basis of defining the ideology of famine administration and its related concepts by using the basic theory of economics. This paper reviews and summarizes the basic contents of the ideology of famine administration in the pre-Qin Dynasty. First of all, it makes a further concrete analysis and discussion on the ideology of famine administration in the period of Qin and Han dynasties from two aspects. On the one hand, it makes an analysis and evaluation on the thought of famine administration of different figures in this period from the angle of agricultural disaster theory. On the other hand, the author analyzes and summarizes the thoughts of other famine policies in this period from the angles of pre-disaster prevention, disaster relief and disaster recovery. In addition, on the basis of extensive data collection, this paper tries to probe into the ideology of famine in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. Finally, in view of the basic contents of the ideology of famine in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, the enlightenment of these thoughts to agricultural disaster reduction is put forward: to establish and improve the agricultural disaster prevention and early warning mechanism from the angle of disaster prevention and mitigation in agriculture, that is, to establish the agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system. The grain storage management should be strengthened from the point of view of dereliction. From the angle of lightening the burden of farmers, we should pay attention to the policy of tilting to the agriculture in the disaster area, improve the medical condition of the countryside continuously from the point of view of epidemic prevention, prevent the occurrence and spread of the disease, and then achieve "no major epidemic after the disaster". It is necessary to perfect the disaster protection system from the aspect of protecting the disaster victims' post-disaster life, to perfect the rural financial organizations and to provide the victims with low-interest or interest-free loans from the aspects of helping the victims to resume production after the disaster. This paper probes into the establishment and perfection of agricultural disaster insurance system in China from the aspect of post-disaster compensation.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：X43;K232

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