孔子的“五帝”“三王”观研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 10:59

【摘要】：“祖述尧舜,宪章文武”,孔子和早期儒家都特别注重“先王之道”,从上古先王的历史中汲取了丰富的思想营养。但由于文献阙如,人们对本来为数不多的传世文献又有种种疑虑,致使对“五帝”“三王”的事迹及其时代认识不清。幸运的是,最近出土的地下文献中存有大量孔子对“五帝”“三王”的论述,这也相应“激活”了传世文献中的相关资料,从而为我们探讨孔子的“五帝”“三王”观提供了资料。作为一个重要的政治思想概念,帝、王观念在中国古代产生很早,经孔子吸收、整合、阐释,基本上奠定了后世帝王观念的雏形,并成为儒家政治思想体系的重要组成部分。“五帝”是在殷末“五方帝”基础上演变而来,在西周、春秋时期广为流行。孔子依据当时流传的上古历史事实,对其进行创造性地改造,形成了符合于儒家政治理念的“五帝”“三王”体系。孔子对“五帝”“三王”的论述虽有夸大其辞之处,但决非无稽之谈,而是有其真实的历史素地。孔子借助于春秋时人对“五帝”“三王”的认同,阐述儒家的政治思想以及修身思想,特别是儒家的王道思想,从而为自己的思想学说寻求历史依据。因而,孔子对“五帝”“三王”的评述充满了理性主义色彩。在孔子看来,“五帝”“三王”是客观存在的上古历史人物,而非神话人物。孔子不仅从“五帝”“三王”的历史中抽绎出了原始儒家的政治思想以及修身养德思想,还借助“五帝”“三王”的历史论证原始儒家思想,由此可见,“五帝”“三王”的思想文化成果是原始儒家思想的重要来源之一。
[Abstract]:"Zushuyaoshun, the Constitution and Zhang Wenwu", Confucius and early Confucianism all pay special attention to "the way of the first king", draw rich thought nutrition from the history of the ancient king. However, due to the lack of documents, people have a variety of doubts about the original few documents, resulting in the "five emperors" and "three kings" deeds and the era of unclear understanding. Fortunately, there is a large number of Confucius' expositions on "five emperors" and "three kings" in the recently unearthed underground literature, which has correspondingly "activated" the relevant information in the relevant documents handed down from time to time. Therefore, it provides us with information for discussing Confucius'view of "five emperors" and "three kings". As an important concept of political thought, the concept of emperor and king emerged very early in ancient China. By Confucius' absorption, integration and interpretation, it basically established the embryonic form of the concept of emperors in later generations and became an important part of the political thought system of Confucianism. "five emperors" evolved on the basis of "five emperors" in the late Yin Dynasty and became popular in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period. According to the historical facts of ancient times spread at that time, Confucius reformed it creatively and formed a system of "five emperors" and "three kings" in accordance with the political idea of Confucianism. Although Confucius' exposition of "five emperors" and "three kings" is exaggerated, it is not nonsense, but has its true historical plain. With the help of the identification of "five emperors" and "three kings" in the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius expounded the Confucian political thought and self-cultivation thought, especially the Confucian monarchical thought, so as to seek the historical basis for his thought theory. Therefore, Confucius' comments on "five emperors" and "three kings" are full of rationalism. According to Confucius, "five emperors" and "three kings" are ancient historical figures, not mythical figures. Confucius not only abstracted from the history of "five emperors" and "three kings" the political thought of primitive Confucianism and the thought of self-cultivation and cultivation of morality, but also demonstrated the primitive Confucian thought with the help of the history of "five emperors" and "three kings". The thought and culture achievement of "five emperors" and "three kings" is one of the important sources of primitive Confucianism.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K225

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