宋代士绅结社研究
发布时间：2019-01-14 16:58
【摘要】：本文的主题是研究宋代士绅以结社方式形成的社会影响,旨在探讨士绅以民间身分发挥的社会功能。其中“士绅”界定为拥有一定影响的知识阶层,“社”界定为民间自发组织。由于宋代士绅结社在中国结社史上具有承前启后的重要意义,并且是中国古代士绅结社格局的奠定时期,因此具备作为研究对象的典型意义。 宋代士绅结社大致可以分为乡约、经济合作会社、民间救济组织、军事会社、文艺会社、耆老会六类,各自在不同领域发挥了重要功能。乡约是宋代理学家首创的民间教化组织,代表着理学社会道德实践的一极,在宋代尽管推行程度有限,却对作为乡里重要组织的明清乡约起到了重要影响,是后者的源头和榜样。经济合作会社是最古老的会社形式,在宋代又有了重要创新,总共可分为传统私社、义役、义约等类别,是民间互助和救济的重要手段。民间救济组织亦属宋代的创新,包括社仓结甲、乡曲义庄组织、粥局、救济义约,其理念深受理学影响,对宋代民间救济作出了重大贡献。军事会社作为民众自相组织的武装团体,对宋代保境御敌做出了重要贡献,并对宋代乡兵制度起到了一定影响。文艺会社包括诗社、学术会社、莲社等类型,是知识阶层交游网络的重要形式,对宋代文化、教育、政治等方面起到了重要影响。耆老会主要以致仕官员为主组成,成员的身分优势使其成为地域士人交游网络的核心,并对朝政和乡里秩序都具有重要影响。六大种类形成的结社格局,基本为元明清继承和发展。 以上会社从功能来说,大致又可分为控制型、应对型、怡情型三大类型,分别起着填补政府权力空间、整合民间资源、建立交游网络的功能,充分反映出宋代士绅阶层作为民间领导阶层的活动能力。宋代士绅结社主要分布在南宋,反映出士绅阶层在规模壮大后,开始成为民间自我组织的主体。士绅在结社层面上与政府的价值取向不尽一致,但在实际运作中,绅权与皇权却是处于互相交织的状态,二者的合力造就了宋代士绅结社的基本面貌。
[Abstract]:The theme of this paper is to study the social influence of the gentry in the Song Dynasty by way of association, and to probe into the social function of the gentry as a folk. Among them, the gentry is defined as the intellectual class with certain influence, and the "society" is defined as the voluntary organization of the people. Since the association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty is of great significance in the history of Chinese association, and it is the time of the establishment of the pattern of the association of the gentry in ancient China, it has the typical significance as the object of study. The association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty can be roughly divided into six categories: the township covenant, the economic cooperative association, the folk relief organization, the military association, the literature and art association and the elders' association, each of which has played an important role in different fields. Township covenant is a folk education organization initiated by Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, representing a pole of the social and moral practice of Neo-Confucianism. In the Song Dynasty, though its implementation was limited, it played an important role in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, as an important organization in the countryside. Is the source and example of the latter. The economic cooperative society is the oldest form of association, and there were important innovations in the Song Dynasty. It can be divided into the traditional private society, righteousness service, righteousness covenant and other categories, which is an important means of mutual assistance and relief. Folk relief organizations also belong to the innovation of Song Dynasty, including social warehouse, township Quyi Zhuang organization, porridge bureau, relief contract, whose concept was deeply influenced by Neo-Confucianism and made great contribution to the folk relief in Song Dynasty. As an armed group organized by the people, military associations made important contributions to the defense of the enemy in Song Dynasty, and played an important role in the system of rural soldiers in Song Dynasty. Literature and art societies, including poetry society, academic club, lotus society and so on, are the important forms of the intellectual class communication network, and have played an important role in culture, education, politics and so on in the Song Dynasty. The Society of the aged is mainly composed of official officials, and its membership advantages make it the core of the network of local scholars, and has an important impact on the government and the order of the countryside. The association pattern formed by the six major categories was basically inherited and developed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In terms of their functions, the above clubs can be roughly divided into three types: control type, response type and happy feeling type, which respectively fill the power space of the government, integrate non-governmental resources, and establish a network of friends. It fully reflects the activity ability of the gentry class as the folk leadership in the Song Dynasty. The association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty was mainly distributed in the Southern Song Dynasty, reflecting that the gentry class began to become the main body of the folk self-organization after the scale of the gentry class. The value orientation of the gentry on the level of association is not consistent with that of the government, but in the actual operation, the power of the gentry and the imperial power are intertwined, and their combined forces have created the basic appearance of the association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K244
本文编号：2408900
[Abstract]:The theme of this paper is to study the social influence of the gentry in the Song Dynasty by way of association, and to probe into the social function of the gentry as a folk. Among them, the gentry is defined as the intellectual class with certain influence, and the "society" is defined as the voluntary organization of the people. Since the association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty is of great significance in the history of Chinese association, and it is the time of the establishment of the pattern of the association of the gentry in ancient China, it has the typical significance as the object of study. The association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty can be roughly divided into six categories: the township covenant, the economic cooperative association, the folk relief organization, the military association, the literature and art association and the elders' association, each of which has played an important role in different fields. Township covenant is a folk education organization initiated by Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, representing a pole of the social and moral practice of Neo-Confucianism. In the Song Dynasty, though its implementation was limited, it played an important role in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, as an important organization in the countryside. Is the source and example of the latter. The economic cooperative society is the oldest form of association, and there were important innovations in the Song Dynasty. It can be divided into the traditional private society, righteousness service, righteousness covenant and other categories, which is an important means of mutual assistance and relief. Folk relief organizations also belong to the innovation of Song Dynasty, including social warehouse, township Quyi Zhuang organization, porridge bureau, relief contract, whose concept was deeply influenced by Neo-Confucianism and made great contribution to the folk relief in Song Dynasty. As an armed group organized by the people, military associations made important contributions to the defense of the enemy in Song Dynasty, and played an important role in the system of rural soldiers in Song Dynasty. Literature and art societies, including poetry society, academic club, lotus society and so on, are the important forms of the intellectual class communication network, and have played an important role in culture, education, politics and so on in the Song Dynasty. The Society of the aged is mainly composed of official officials, and its membership advantages make it the core of the network of local scholars, and has an important impact on the government and the order of the countryside. The association pattern formed by the six major categories was basically inherited and developed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In terms of their functions, the above clubs can be roughly divided into three types: control type, response type and happy feeling type, which respectively fill the power space of the government, integrate non-governmental resources, and establish a network of friends. It fully reflects the activity ability of the gentry class as the folk leadership in the Song Dynasty. The association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty was mainly distributed in the Southern Song Dynasty, reflecting that the gentry class began to become the main body of the folk self-organization after the scale of the gentry class. The value orientation of the gentry on the level of association is not consistent with that of the government, but in the actual operation, the power of the gentry and the imperial power are intertwined, and their combined forces have created the basic appearance of the association of the gentry in the Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K244
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