汉武帝晚年政治取向与司马光的重构
发布时间：2019-04-02 21:34
【摘要】：日本学者市村瓒次郎在1930年代依据《资治通鉴》的记载提出,汉武帝晚年发布的"轮台诏",体现了其治国路线的转变,正是依赖这一转变,使得已经动荡的西汉王朝得以保全。其后,中国学者唐长孺述及相关问题,亦持有同样看法。至1980年代中期,田余庆发表《论轮台诏》一文,更系统地论述说,汉武帝刘彻在其去世前两年,大幅度转变政治取向,由横征暴敛,穷兵黩武,转向所谓"守文",从而"澄清了纷乱局面,稳定了统治秩序,导致了所谓‘昭宣中兴’,使西汉统治得以再延续近百年之久"。这一重大论断,引起中国学术界的广泛关注和高度赞誉,产生了相当普遍的社会影响。其实上述论断不能成立:(1)见于《汉书·西域传》记载的所谓"轮台诏",只是一种调整对外作战策略的权宜之计,而不是从根本上转变汉廷的政治路线;(2)市村瓒次郎、唐长孺和田余庆诸人认为汉武帝晚年的治国路线出现了重大转变,主要依据的史料是《资治通鉴》,而《通鉴》相关记载不见于《史记》、《汉书》等汉代基本史籍,而是出自南朝刘宋王俭著的小说《汉武故事》,完全不可信据;(3)司马光在《资治通鉴》中采录《汉武故事》,是刻意构建符合其政治需要的汉武帝形象;(4)进一步追溯,可以看到,王俭在《汉武故事》所塑造的汉武帝形象,是基于他对宋文帝刘义隆与太子刘劭之间政治斗争的感情倾向,有意而为。(5)《汉武故事》中的汉武帝形象,虽属艺术创作,但在西汉的历史上自有原型可寻。
[Abstract]:In the 1930s, the Japanese scholar Zan Jiro, based on the records of "Zizhi Tongjian", proposed that the "round Taiwan edict" issued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years reflected the transformation of his line of governing the country, and it was precisely on this change that he relied on this change. The already turbulent Western Han Dynasty was preserved. Since then, Tang Changru, a Chinese scholar, has also taken the same view. By the mid-1980s, Tian Yuqing published "on the Round Taizhao" in a more systematic way, saying that in the two years before his death, Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty had substantially changed his political orientation and changed his political orientation from being aggressive, militaristic, and turning to the so-called "observing the text." Thus "clarified the situation of chaos, stabilized the ruling order, led to the so-called 'Zhaoxuan Zhongxing', so that the rule of the Western Han Dynasty can continue for nearly a hundred years". This important conclusion has aroused the widespread concern and high praise of Chinese academic circles, and has produced quite general social influence. In fact, the above-mentioned argument cannot be established as follows: (1) the so-called "round Taiwan edict", recorded in the Western Biography of the Han Book, is only an expedient measure to adjust the external combat strategy, rather than fundamentally changing the political line of the Han Dynasty; (2) the people of Zan Jiro, Tang Changru and Tian Yuqing in the city believed that there had been a major change in the line of governing the country in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the main basis of which was the "Zizhi Tongjian", and the relevant records of Tongjian were not found in the Records of History. "Han Shu" and other basic historical books of Han Dynasty, but the novel "Han Wu Story" written by Liu and Song Dynasty Wang Jian in the Southern Dynasty, are totally unreliable. (3) Si Maguang recorded the Han Wu Story in Zizhi Tongjian, which is to construct the image of Han Wu Emperor which accords with his political needs. (4) further tracing back, we can see that Wang Jian's image of Emperor Wudi in the Han Wu Story is based on his emotional tendency towards the political struggle between Emperor Liu Yilong and Prince Liu Shao of Song Wen Di. (5) the image of Emperor Wudi in Han Wu Story is an artistic creation, but there are archetypes to be found in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 北京大学中国古代史研究中心;
【分类号】：K234
[Abstract]:In the 1930s, the Japanese scholar Zan Jiro, based on the records of "Zizhi Tongjian", proposed that the "round Taiwan edict" issued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years reflected the transformation of his line of governing the country, and it was precisely on this change that he relied on this change. The already turbulent Western Han Dynasty was preserved. Since then, Tang Changru, a Chinese scholar, has also taken the same view. By the mid-1980s, Tian Yuqing published "on the Round Taizhao" in a more systematic way, saying that in the two years before his death, Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty had substantially changed his political orientation and changed his political orientation from being aggressive, militaristic, and turning to the so-called "observing the text." Thus "clarified the situation of chaos, stabilized the ruling order, led to the so-called 'Zhaoxuan Zhongxing', so that the rule of the Western Han Dynasty can continue for nearly a hundred years". This important conclusion has aroused the widespread concern and high praise of Chinese academic circles, and has produced quite general social influence. In fact, the above-mentioned argument cannot be established as follows: (1) the so-called "round Taiwan edict", recorded in the Western Biography of the Han Book, is only an expedient measure to adjust the external combat strategy, rather than fundamentally changing the political line of the Han Dynasty; (2) the people of Zan Jiro, Tang Changru and Tian Yuqing in the city believed that there had been a major change in the line of governing the country in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the main basis of which was the "Zizhi Tongjian", and the relevant records of Tongjian were not found in the Records of History. "Han Shu" and other basic historical books of Han Dynasty, but the novel "Han Wu Story" written by Liu and Song Dynasty Wang Jian in the Southern Dynasty, are totally unreliable. (3) Si Maguang recorded the Han Wu Story in Zizhi Tongjian, which is to construct the image of Han Wu Emperor which accords with his political needs. (4) further tracing back, we can see that Wang Jian's image of Emperor Wudi in the Han Wu Story is based on his emotional tendency towards the political struggle between Emperor Liu Yilong and Prince Liu Shao of Song Wen Di. (5) the image of Emperor Wudi in Han Wu Story is an artistic creation, but there are archetypes to be found in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 北京大学中国古代史研究中心;
【分类号】：K234
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1 李俸s，
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