西汉时期官营经济再探

发布时间：2018-03-04 13:00

本文选题：西汉　切入点：官营经济　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：官营经济思想在我国由来已久，早在西周时期已经形成。西周时期实行“工商食官”的政策，官府依靠官营经济控制整个国家的经济命脉，保证政府的财政收入。齐国的管仲实行了“官山海”政策，也就是由国家经营盐铁业，通过这项政策，齐国的财政收入有了大幅度的提高，奠定了强大的物质基础，但同时这项政策也抑制了私营经济的发展。到了后来秦始皇统一天下之后，实行了“重农抑商”政策，建立了体系完备的官营制度。汉朝初年，百废待兴，，国家经济面临困境，汉初统治者实行了“无为而治”的统治思想，对私营工商业实行自由放任的政策，促进了私营工商业的繁荣。但与此同时，一些诸侯王和大商人趁机大肆发展私人势力，在政治和经济上对中央集权制度构成了威胁，为此汉武帝上台后实行了全面的“官营经济”政策。将国民经济各个方面纳入到“官营经济”之中，在一定程度上巩固了专制主义中央集权，但是对私营经济造成了巨大的损害，造成了一系列的弊端。不利于百姓的生活，同时也遭到了大地主的强烈反对。汉昭帝即位后对官营经济进行了局部调整，私营经济得到了恢复发展。后来王莽时期实行了比汉武帝时期更为严厉的官营政策，最终导致了社会经济的崩溃，造成了农民起义。本文试图从三个部分来探讨西汉官营经济的经济情况。第一部分为西汉时期官营经济发展状况。这一部分分别从农业、手工业和商业三方面来叙述。农业方面介绍了官营农业的来源、屯田制度和畜牧业。手工业方面介绍了盐铁业和丝织业。商业方面主要讲述了均输法的实施情况；第二部分为官营经济在整个社会经济生活中地位的变化。这一部分分别从汉朝初期、汉武帝时期和汉昭帝以后这三个时期来介绍；第三部分为官营经济与专制政治的关系。这一部分从官营经济为专制政治提供可靠的物质保障和官营经济极端发展侵蚀其自身的经济基础两个方面来介绍。
[Abstract]:The official economy thought has been formed in our country for a long time. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the government implemented the policy of "industrial and commercial officials", and the government relied on the government economy to control the economic lifeline of the whole country. To ensure the government's fiscal revenue. Guan Zhong of Qi implemented the "Guanshanhai" policy, that is, the state operates the salt and iron industry. Through this policy, the fiscal revenue of the Qi state has been greatly increased and a strong material foundation has been laid. But at the same time, this policy also restrained the development of private economy. After Qin Shihuang unified the world later, he carried out the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" and established a complete system of official management. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, the state was faced with economic difficulties. The rulers of the early Han Dynasty carried out the idea of "governing without doing what they did" and carried out the policy of laissez-faire to the private industry and commerce, which promoted the prosperity of the private industry and commerce. But at the same time, Some of the kings and businessmen took advantage of the opportunity to develop private power and posed a political and economic threat to the centralization of power. For this reason, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented a comprehensive policy of "official economy" after taking office, and incorporated all aspects of the national economy into the "official economy", which to a certain extent consolidated the centralization of autocracy and centralism. However, it caused great damage to the private sector of the economy, resulting in a series of malpractices. It was not conducive to the life of the people and was strongly opposed by the big landlords. After the reign of Emperor Zhaodi in the Han Dynasty, the official economy was partially readjusted. The private economy was restored and developed. Later, Wang Mang adopted a more severe official policy than the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which eventually led to the collapse of the social economy and led to the peasant uprising. This paper attempts to discuss the economic situation of the official economy in the Western Han Dynasty from three parts. The first part is the development of the official economy in the Western Han Dynasty. In agriculture, the origin of official agriculture, the system of farming and animal husbandry are introduced. In handicraft, salt and iron industry and silk industry are introduced. In commercial aspect, the implementation of equalization law is mainly described. The second part is the change of the position of the official economy in the whole social and economic life. This part is introduced from the initial period of Han Dynasty, the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the period after Emperor Zhaodi of Han Dynasty. The third part is the relationship between official economy and autocratic politics, which is introduced from two aspects: the official economy provides reliable material security for autocratic politics and the extreme development of official economy erodes its own economic base.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K234.1

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