明代灾荒赈贷制度探析

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:28

  本文选题：明代 + 赈贷制度　； 参考：《史学月刊》2017年10期

【摘要】：向贫民发放救助性赈贷,是历代救荒的一项重要措施。明初通过广泛设置预备仓,重构了元末以来断裂的赈贷制度。但正统以后,预备仓逐渐破败,赈贷制度随之发生了显著变化:其一,不收利息的"秋成抵斗还官"逐渐过渡到"量取息米",甚至演变为高利贷;其二,乡村豪民取代贫困小农,成为赈贷的主要受益对象;其三,预备仓的赈贷功能明显下降,赈贷越来越多地依靠劝分、赃罚和捐纳等来苦苦支撑;其四,官方主导型的赈贷逐渐弱化,以义仓、社仓为支撑的民间赈贷逐渐凸显。这些变化再次印证了中国古代灾荒赈贷制度逃不脱的利息政策异化、放贷对象错位、国家责任转嫁等运行悖论和周期性兴衰循环。
[Abstract]:Granting relief loans to the poor is an important measure for the relief of famine in successive dynasties. In the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the credit relief system was reconstructed by setting up reserve storehouse widely since the end of Yuan Dynasty. However, after orthodoxy, the reserve warehouse gradually collapsed, and the relief loan system changed significantly: first, the "Qiucheng Dou returning officials", who did not charge interest, gradually transitioned to "take interest rice by quantity", and even evolved into usury; second, The rural residents have replaced the poor small farmers as the main beneficiaries of the relief loans. Thirdly, the function of the relief loans in the reserve warehouse has obviously declined, and the relief loans are increasingly supported by persuasion, penalty and donations. Fourth, The official-oriented relief loan gradually weakened, and the folk relief loan supported by the warehouse and social warehouse gradually became prominent. These changes once again confirm the paradox of operation such as the alienation of interest policy, the dislocation of lending objects and the transfer of national responsibility, which can not escape from the system of relief for famine relief in ancient China, and the cycle of periodic rise and fall.
【作者单位】： 西北农林科技大学中国农业历史文化研究所、农业部传统农业遗产重点实验室;南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国古代灾荒赈贷制度研究”(17XZS035),国家社会科学基金项目“明清以来的淮河水灾与治淮思想变迁研究”(13BZS072)
【分类号】：K248
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本文编号：1913008