《周礼》中养老制度述论

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:41

本文选题：《周礼》 + 养老制度　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：先秦时期作为中国文明的肇始期,是众多礼仪风俗、政治制度的产生期。作为中华民族传统美德和政治制度的重要组成部分,养老制度受到历代学者和统治者的重视,时至今日仍是国家和社会关注的一项重要内容。因养老在社会和政治生活中的演变深受当时环境的影响,故对养老相关问题的探讨,既可加深对中国养老制度源流的认识,又可促进先秦养老制度原貌的探究,具有重要的学术价值。《周礼》作为先秦时期的重要典籍之一,其内容包含较多先秦时期养老制度的相关内容。鉴于《周礼》一书的史料价值在学界始终存在疑义,在试图对其所载养老制度的相关内容进行论述的同时,与其他先秦典籍文献、传世与出土文本进行比较与多重互证。此外,本文还借用现代社会学中的福利学与慈善学的相关概念和理论,对《周礼》中涉及的养老制度进行分析,希翼更为深切的了解《周礼》中养老的相关概念及对象、组织机构、类别内容以及所反映的特点。本文分为四个部分。第一部分为绪论,对养老制度及其相关内容的学术史进行梳理,并界定《周礼》中养老的相关概念。第二部分介绍《周礼》中养老的组织体系和养老对象。《周礼》中王作为国家最高统治者,将养老制度划分为中央和地方两个组织体系。中央养老组织体系,大宰制定养老之总纲,于政治上尊养贵族老者,于社会上敬养平民老者。在此原则下由大司徒及其联官制定具体的养老措施。地方养老组织体系,分为乡、遂两个基层组织系统,于礼仪活动和政策措施两个方面落实中央所制定的一系列养老措施。养老的对象则包括国老、庶老和死政之老三大类。第三部分介绍了《周礼》中养老制度的内容。本文将《周礼》中的养老制度分为基础性养老、辅助性养老、优抚性养老和刑罚养老四个部分。基础性养老主要从饮食、赋役等方面满足老人的基本要求。辅助性养老则是基础性养老的补充措施,保障生活困难和遭遇灾害的老人的基本要求。优抚性养老则是在基本生存要求满足的基础上进一步提升老人地位和生活水准,主要针对于贵族老人。刑罚养老则通过对犯罪老者之赦免和惩处侮老行为来维护老人的权益。第四部分归纳总结《周礼》中养老的主要特点。《周礼》中的养老制度以国家养老为主,民间养老为辅,内容形式多样系统,体现王权至上的原则,具有两周时期的一个过渡性的特征。总之,《周礼》中的养老制度已经形成了较为完整系统的养老体系,亦可与先秦其他典籍互相印证。其既体现当时社会养老制度的一个流变过程,亦具有自己的制度特点。
[Abstract]:As the beginning of Chinese civilization, the pre-Qin period was the emergence of many etiquette and customs and political system. As an important part of the traditional virtues and political system of the Chinese nation, the old-age pension system has been attached importance to by scholars and rulers of the past dynasties, and it is still an important content of the state and society to this day. Because the evolution of the aged in the social and political life was deeply influenced by the environment at that time, the discussion on the problems related to the aged can not only deepen the understanding of the origin of the pension system in China, but also promote the exploration of the original appearance of the pension system in the pre-Qin period. Zhou Li, as one of the most important books in the pre-Qin period, contains more relevant contents of the pension system in the pre-Qin period. In view of the historical value of the book "Zhou Li" has always been in doubt in academic circles, while trying to discuss the related contents of the pension system contained in it, it is compared with other pre-Qin literature, handed down and unearthed texts. In addition, this paper also uses the relevant concepts and theories of welfare and philanthropy in modern sociology to analyze the pension system involved in Zhou Li, hoping to better understand the related concepts and objects of pension in Zhou Li. Organization, category content and features reflected. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, combing the academic history of the pension system and its related contents, and defining the related concepts of pension in Zhou Li. The second part introduces the organization system and the object of supporting the aged in Zhou Li. As the supreme ruler of the country, the king divides the pension system into two organizational systems: central and local. The central old-age organization system, Dazai formulated the general outline of the aged, in political respect for the aristocratic elderly, in the community to support the common elderly. Under this principle, by the Da Si and his associates to formulate specific pension measures. The local old-age organization system is divided into two basic organizational systems: township and village, and implements a series of old-age care measures formulated by the central government in the aspects of etiquette activities and policy measures. The objects of the aged include the old, the old and the old. The third part introduces the content of pension system in Zhou Li. In this paper, the pension system in Zhou Li is divided into four parts: basic old-age, auxiliary old-age, caressing old-age and penalty old-age. Basic old-age support mainly from the diet, servitude and other aspects to meet the basic requirements of the elderly. Supplementary old-age support is a supplementary measure for basic old-age support, which guarantees the basic requirements of the elderly who are in difficulty in life and suffering from disasters. On the basis of satisfying the basic survival requirements, the caressing old-age pension is to further improve the status and living standard of the elderly, mainly aimed at the aristocratic elderly. Punishment for the aged protects the rights and interests of the elderly through pardon and punishment of the criminals. The fourth part summarizes the main characteristics of old-age support in Zhou Li. The pension system in Zhou Li is mainly based on the national old-age support, supplemented by the folk old-age support, and the content of various systems reflects the principle of Wang Quan supremacy. A transitional feature of a two-week period. In short, the pension system in Zhou Li has formed a relatively complete system, which can also be verified with other ancient books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. It not only embodies a changing process of social pension system at that time, but also has its own institutional characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K224.06

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