清代苏州鱼鳞册中的业佃并录考释

发布时间：2018-06-18 17:46

本文选题：清代 + 苏州　；参考：《中国史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：国内外现存的清代苏州鱼鳞册有些记录了业户、佃户的信息,佃户栏填写的内容分别为"自"、姓名、空白三类,学界对此理解分歧严重。有学者认为,业佃并录反映了官府对佃户产权的认可。"自"指底面分离、业主自有田面;佃户栏空白指底面合一、承租佃户经常更换;佃户栏标有姓名意指业佃分别拥有田底田面权。由此推论,清初江南底面分离现象普遍,地权极为分散,租佃关系不发达,不具有地主制经济的特征。其实,苏州的一些鱼鳞册也有不记录佃户的。业佃并录意指"一田二主"的认识缺乏充分依据,论证逻辑存在问题。对道光年间鱼鳞册地权流动的考察表明,业户、佃户共同记载的田块并不能体现出田面田的特点。这一时期,在城地主占有苏州城附近村庄一半以上的耕地,租佃关系发达,租佃关系变动频繁,同时,租佃期限长期化,显示出租佃关系相对固定化的趋向。
[Abstract]:At home and abroad, some of the existing books of Suzhou fish scales in Qing Dynasty recorded the information of tenants and tenants, and the contents of the columns of tenants were "self", "name" and "blank" respectively. Some scholars believe that tenancy records reflect the government's recognition of tenants' property rights. " "since" refers to the separation of the bottom, the owner has his own land; the blank of the tenant column refers to the unity of the bottom and the tenant; the tenant is often replaced; the tenant column bears the name meaning that the tenant has the right to the land under the field respectively. It is inferred from this that the separation of the bottom of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty is widespread, the land rights are extremely dispersed, the tenancy relationship is not developed, and it does not have the characteristics of the landlords' economy. In fact, some of Suzhou's fish scales also do not record tenants. The understanding of "one field and two masters" lacks sufficient basis and proves that there are problems in logic. The investigation on the land rights movement of the fish scale books in Daoguang showed that the fields recorded by the tenants and tenants could not reflect the characteristics of the fields. In this period, the landlords occupied more than half of the cultivated land in the villages near Suzhou City, and the tenancy relationship was developed and the tenancy relationship changed frequently. At the same time, the term of tenancy was prolonged, which showed the trend of relative immobilization of the tenancy relationship.
【作者单位】：山西大学中国社会史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“清代以降鱼鳞册所见地权分配、流转与连片化经营”(项目批准号:13BZS056)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F329;K249

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