唐代高祖、太宗时期君臣秦汉观

发布时间：2018-06-19 02:28

本文选题：秦汉史 + 天人关系　；参考：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：秦汉时期是中国历史上的一个重要时期,为我国长期统一的中华民族历史发展奠定了基础,它的重要性不容忽视。重视前代史,是中国古代形成和长期传承的重要史学传统。在唐代,唐高祖、太宗两代君王及朝臣都非常注重对秦汉史的反思和探究,重视发挥史学资以治世的功能。以史为镜,可以知兴替。唐高祖、太宗两朝君臣十分善于从历史找寻解决现实问题的答案,借秦汉史反思自身治理天下的得失,充分发挥历史的借鉴作用,秦汉史在唐高祖、太宗时期以历史的功能性影响了当时人的意识和思考问题的视角,以及讨论问题的表述方式,但同时也反映了当时人的思想观念和政治诉求。从唐高祖、太宗时对秦汉天人观的反思可以看到,秦汉以来,无论天人观经历了怎样的发展,人与天始终保持者密切的关联,使得人要通过自我修养来实现上天意志关照下的自己。“人的秩序是建立在自然的秩序之上,要保存人的秩序之原则就变为人所实际关注的问题。由于有这种关注,就发展了支配人与人之间和人与神之间的关系——礼,把礼视为发展人和维持社会福祉最根本的价值。”(1),他们对礼制作出了修订,想要达到释礼归仁的目标。反观唐高祖、太宗两朝君臣对秦汉帝王的反思,可以发现,秦始皇和汉武帝的形象基本上已经固定下来,人物形象已经符号化。比如,每当涉及穷兵黩武或奢靡之类的事件时,秦始皇和汉武帝往往被作为奢费的代表,受到唐高祖和太宗及其臣子的批评。在这一时期的唐人观念中,汉高祖和汉文帝、汉景帝的形象往往象征着拨乱反正的雄主或施行休生养息政策的仁君。这种对秦始皇和汉武帝或汉高祖、文帝、景帝形象的符号化,体现了时人诠释历史时的和平思想。从高祖、太宗时对秦汉史学的反思可以看到,时人对于史学“经世致用”的思想尤为重视。他们“借历史以正名分,寓褒贬,别善恶,使政治上轨道,社会有秩序,人类文明得一是非真伪善恶的标准而赖以持续”,(2)是为了探讨历代治理天下的得失,从中寻找治理天下的方法。通过研究,我们可以看到唐初君臣非常重视对秦汉历史的探讨、反思和借鉴,其秦汉观值得我们探讨与研究。
[Abstract]:Qin and Han dynasties were an important period in Chinese history, which laid a foundation for the development of the Chinese nation for a long time, and its importance can not be ignored. It is an important historical tradition of ancient China to attach importance to the history of previous dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozu, Taizong kings and courtiers all paid great attention to the reflection and exploration of the history of the Qin and Han dynasties, and paid attention to giving full play to the function of historiography in governing the world. With history as a mirror, you can know what to do. Tang Gaozu, Taizong monarch and courtiers were very good at finding answers to practical problems from history. They used the history of the Qin and Han dynasties to reflect on the gains and losses of their own governance of the world and to give full play to the role of historical reference. The history of the Qin and Han dynasties was in the Tang Dynasty. The historical function of Taizong period influenced people's consciousness, the angle of thinking and the way of discussing problems, but also reflected the people's ideas and political demands at that time. It can be seen from the reflection on the views of Heaven and Man in the Qin and Han dynasties during the time of Tang Gao zu and Taizong that, no matter what kind of development the concept of Heaven and Man has experienced, man has always been closely related to the holder of heaven and man. So that people through self-cultivation to achieve God's will under the care of themselves. "the order of man is based on the order of nature, and the principle of preserving order of man becomes a matter of practical concern. As a result of this concern, the relationship between man and God has been developed as the most fundamental value of the development of human beings and the maintenance of the well-being of society. Want to achieve the goal of interpretation Guiren. Looking back at the reflection of the emperor of the Qin and Han dynasties by the monarchies of the Tang and Taizong dynasties, it can be found that the images of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have basically been fixed and the characters have been symbolized. For example, when it comes to militaristic or extravagant events, Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty are often regarded as representatives of extravagance and criticized by Tang Gaozu and Emperor Taizong and his subjects. In the concept of Tang people in this period, the images of Han Gaozu, Han Wendi and Han Jingdi often symbolize the master of the disorder or the benevolent monarch who carries out the policy of taking away living and raising interest. This symbolization of Qin Shihuang and the images of Emperor Wu, Emperor Wen and Emperor King embodies the peaceful thoughts of the people of the time when interpreting history. From the reflection of Gao zu and Taizong on the historiography of Qin and Han dynasties, we can see that people attached great importance to the thought of "using the world". In order to discuss the gains and losses of ruling the world over the past dynasties, they "use history to divide the right from the good, the good from the bad, the good from the evil, the political orbit, the society to order, the human civilization to the standard of right and wrong, the good and the evil." Look for ways to govern the world. Through the study, we can see that the monarch in the early Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the history of the Qin and Han dynasties, introspecting and drawing lessons from it, and its view of the Qin and Han dynasties is worthy of our discussion and study.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K242.1

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