《黄帝内经》道家哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 13:40

【摘要】：《黄帝内经》在思想实质上是一部道家的哲学著作,其哲学思想与先秦道家一脉相承,与《淮南子》同为汉初黄老道家的集大成之作,有一系统而完整的道家哲学思想体系。《黄帝内经》上承老庄以"道"为本的宇宙本源论,借鉴《管子》的"精气"说,以"气"释"道";在充分吸收《太一生水》篇与《淮南子》宇宙生成模式的基础上,以自己独特的"五运六气"学说,构建了一套系统而完整的气化流行的宇宙生成理论体系。可以说,《黄帝内经》的宇宙论是战国秦汉以来道家宇宙论的一次大总结和大发展。从道家宇宙论出发,《黄帝内经》提出了 "天人相应"的天人关系论,并从"天人同源"、"天人同构"、"天人同道"等三方面加以详细论证,将老子以至董仲舒以来的天人关系论发展到一个新高度。在人性论方面,《黄帝内经》从天人相应出发,认为人由天地阴阳二气交感而生;人所禀受之"气"的不同,先天决定了人的体质和性情的差异。《内经》又根据人体先天禀受之气的不同,对人的体质和性情作了详细划分,并以此为"因人制宜"地制定治疗方案的基础。与道家传统人生论相比,《内经》人生论的精髓在于其生命论,它主要包含三部分的内容:一是承继道家哲学传统,从形上层面揭示人类生命的本源;二是从医学角度对人体生命的起源与生命过程进行阐释;三是以道家精神养生传统为基础,结合具体医学原理,阐明修心养生之道。由此开启了中国独特的生命哲学。在《内经》生命论中,养生论处于极为特殊的地位,因为它是《内经》之"用",是《内经》作为一部医学哲学著作的价值关怀所在。《内经》的养生论同样脱胎于道家哲学传统,具体而言,就是道家"精神养生"的传统;所不同者,《内经》将道家之"养神"传统与医学层面的"养形"融为一体,将道家玄远抽象的养生理论落实到"形神兼养"的现实可操作层面,成为道家养生论的巅峰。《黄帝内经》以医载道,通过对道家宇宙论、人生论和养生论的扬弃,构建了一套完整的道家养生哲学思想体系,目的是引导人们回归"合同于道"的生活方式。对当代社会人类精神文明的重建具有重大的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Huangdi Neijing is a philosophical work of Taoism in essence, its philosophical thought is in line with the Taoism of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and Huainan Zi is the masterpiece of the Huang-Lao Taoist School in the early Han Dynasty. There is a systematic and complete ideological system of Taoist philosophy. "Huangdi Neijing" Shangcheng Laozhuang "Tao" based on the universe origin theory, "Guan" Qi "theory," Qi "interpretation" Tao "; On the basis of fully absorbing the "Taiyi Raw Water" and "Huainan Zi" cosmic generation model, a set of systematic and complete universal generation theory system of vaporization is constructed with its own unique theory of "five Transport and six Qi". It can be said that the cosmology of Huangdi Neijing is a great summary and development of Taoist cosmology since the warring States Qin and Han dynasties. Based on the Taoist cosmology, Huang Di's Internal Classic puts forward the theory of the relationship between man and nature, and demonstrates it in detail from three aspects: "the homology of nature and man", "the isomorphism of nature and man", and "the same way between heaven and man". The theory of the relationship between man and nature since Laozi and Dong Zhongshu has been developed to a new height. In the theory of human nature, Huangdi's Internal Classic starts from the corresponding between heaven and man, and thinks that man is born from the syncretism of heaven, earth, yin and yang. The difference of the "qi" that a person has received has determined the difference between one's physique and temperament. According to the difference of the innate qi received by the human body, the "Inner Classic" has made a detailed division of the human body's physique and temperament. And it is the basis of making treatment plan according to the conditions of people. Compared with the traditional Taoist theory of life, the essence of the theory of life lies in its theory of life, which consists of three parts: first, inheriting the tradition of Taoist philosophy, revealing the origin of human life from a metaphysical level; The second is to explain the origin and process of human life from the medical point of view, and the third is to expound the way of mental health maintenance based on the Taoist tradition of spiritual health preservation and combined with the specific medical principles. This opened up China's unique philosophy of life. In the life theory of the Inner Classic, the theory of health preservation is in a very special position, because it is the "use" of the "Inner Classic". It is the value concern of the Nei Jing as a work of medical philosophy. The theory of health preservation is also derived from the tradition of Taoist philosophy. Specifically, it is the tradition of Taoism's "spiritual health preservation". Different from each other, the Nei Jing combines the Taoist tradition of "nourishing spirit" with the "nourishing form" of medical level, and implements the Taoist metaphysical and abstract theory of health preservation to the practical operational level of "form, spirit and nourishment". It became the peak of Taoism's theory of preserving health. Huangdi's Internal Classic, through the sublation of Taoist cosmology, theory of life and theory of health preservation, constructed a complete philosophical system of Taoist health preservation. The aim is to guide people back to the life style of "contract in Tao". It is of great significance for the reconstruction of human spiritual civilization in contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234;B223

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