汉末袁术集团研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 06:53

【摘要】：袁术集团是一支活跃在东汉末年的重要军阀势力。袁术集团得益于袁术的名门声望,善于联合诸方势力,因而得以迅速崛起并具备了不可小觑的实力。僭号事件是袁术集团兴衰的转折点,袁术集团的瓦解是沿袭汉末流弊的结果。第一章主要论述袁术集团的形成与发展。第一节简述袁术集团崛起的背景。在东汉外戚和宦官初见交融的情况下,何氏集团击败董氏集团取得中平六年新君之争的胜利后,又陷入内部宦官势力与豪族势力的冲突。宦官和外戚的两败俱伤让本从属于何进的董卓与袁术袁绍得以崛起。董卓将袁术袁绍逼出洛阳,拉开了东汉豪族混战的序幕。第二节简述袁术集团的早期活动。袁术出奔南阳反抗董卓,袁术集团开始形成。依靠虎贲旧部和孙坚的依附,袁术集团势如破竹,连败董卓。随着董卓战略收缩和迁都长安,二袁走向失和。袁术拉拢孙坚公孙瓒陶谦,袁绍拉拢曹操臧洪刘表,形成了两大军事同盟的对峙。袁术同盟先胜后败,封丘大战败于曹操后袁术彻底失去荆州,由此战略重心转向徐扬。第二章集中探讨袁术集团的僭号问题。第一节分析袁术僭号的背景原因。袁术转战徐扬后,逐陈温、驱刘繇、败刘备、联吕布、拢臧霸、掌八郡,跨徐扬豫三州迎来了全盛时期。实力强大和周边利好的军事形势使得袁术集团具备了僭号的资本。曹操南侵袁术入豫州,迎天子都许给袁术造成了沉重的政治压力,直接引发了僭号之策。仰仗亲信和部分依附势力的支持,袁术集团得以力排名士大族及孙氏的反对,通过了僭号之策。僭号事件实际上是东汉末年汉家观念衰落,代汉观念崛起和袁氏"政在家门"私家思想的体现。第二节叙述袁术僭号之后的军事行动。吕布和孙策的反叛打乱了袁术的战略布局,徐州和蕲阳两战皆败,袁术集团由此迅速转向衰亡。第三章着重论述袁术集团瓦解及原因。袁术北上青州受阻后道死江亭,袁术集团由此自我瓦解。第一节主要叙述袁术集团瓦解后其内部成员的走向。大致看来,其成员的归宿基本上就是名士大族多仰天子之威归顺曹操,其他诸势力多归孙氏。在孙曹两家之外,尚有袁术余部入山为寇,独立于江淮之间,形成了孙曹之间的缓冲带,使两家可以平稳发展。故袁术集团瓦解客观上促使了孙曹两家的崛起。第二节补论袁术集团瓦解原因。袁术集团成分复杂,内部倾轧严重,僭号分歧更加剧了各势力之间的矛盾直接导致了孙策叛变。袁术集团在军政措施上有着严重的缺陷。不用质任和世袭领兵使得袁术集团饱受叛变之苦,临时征粮使得袁术集团多遭断粮之难。袁术自身的随意性和松散性使其自知其弊而不能改,最终导致集团的瓦解败亡,这是袁术性格的体现也是汉末弊政的延续。余论部分对袁术历史形象进行了重新审视。历史上的袁术形象大致可以概括为"骄""奢""狂""肆"四点。这是袁术豪族型侠者身份的体现,更是袁术身染东汉流弊的体现。可是袁术形象明显被妖魔化了。袁术虽骄横却知礼节,虽奢华却未如所书之甚,虽狂傲却一度忠保汉室。因史家偏见,历史上的袁术广受贬斥,这无疑是片面的。
[Abstract]:The Operation Group is an important warlord force active in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The group has benefited from the reputation of the name and reputation of the co-operation, and is good at combining the forces of the parties, and is able to rise rapidly and have the power of not being small. It is the turning point of the rise and fall of the operation group, and the collapse of the operation group is the result of the advantages and disadvantages of the end of the Han Dynasty. The first chapter mainly discusses the formation and development of the Intraoperative Group. The first section briefly describes the background of the rise of the Intraoperative Group. In the case of the first meeting of the Eastern and Eastern Han Dynasty and the East Han Dynasty, the Group defeated the Dong's Group to win the victory of the new Jun in the six-year plan, and then fell into the conflict between the internal member of the Communist Party of China and the power of the Group. The two defeat of both the official and the foreign minister made this the rise of Dong Zhuo and Yuan Shao, who belong to He. Dong Zhuo sent Yuan Shao to Luoyang, and opened the prologue of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Section II describes the early activities of the Intraoperative Group. He went to Nanyang to resist Dong Zhuo, and the group began to form. It depends on the attachment of the old part of the tiger and the Sun Jian, and the operation group is like a broken bamboo, and the loss of Dong Zhuo. As Dong Zhuo's strategy contracted and moved to Chang 'an, the two were in the wrong direction. During the operation, Sun Jian------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The strategic center of the strategy turned to Xu Yang after the defeat of the alliance and the defeat of Cao Cao after the defeat of Cao Cao. In the second chapter, we focus on the problem of the number-of-the-art group. The first part is to analyze the background of the operation number of the cataract surgery. After the operation, Xu Yang, Chen Wen, drive Liu Bei, defeated Liu Bei, Lian Lu Bu, gather the bully, the palm of the eight, and the three state of Xu Yanyu in the heyday. The powerful and well-established military situation has allowed the Operation Group to have a number of capital. Cao Cao's invasion of the Republic of Henan into the state of Henan and the emperor of the emperor had given a heavy political pressure to the operation, which directly led to the policy of the Republic of China. relying on the support of the pro-trust and some of the dependent forces, the group was able to reach the opposition of the Great and the Sun, and adopted the policy of the number one. The number of the events is actually the reflection of the decline of the Han's idea in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the rise of the generation of the Han and the private thought of the "The government is in the house". Section II describes the military operations following the Operation of the Czech Republic. Lu Bu and Sun Ce's rebellion has upset the strategic layout of the operation, and both Xuzhou and Yang-yang have been defeated. The third chapter focuses on the collapse and the cause of the group. In the north of the operation, the Qing State was blocked from the death of the river, and the operation group collapsed. The first section mainly describes the trend of its internal members after the collapse of the Intraoperative Group. In general, the fate of its members is basically that of the great majority of the famous scholars, and the other forces are more than Sun's. In addition to Sun and Cao, there are still more than one operation in the mountain, which is independent of the Yangtze and the Huaihe River, forming a buffer zone between Sun and Cao, so that the two can develop smoothly. Therefore, the collapse of the operation group led to the rise of both Sun and Cao. The second section is the cause of the collapse of the operation group. The complex of the composition of the operation group and the serious internal rolling, the difference in the number of the other forces further aggravated the contradiction between the forces, which directly led to the defection of Sun Ce. The Group has a serious flaw in the military and political measures. No matter of quality and hereditary leader, the operation group has been suffering from a mutiny, and the temporary grain of grain has made it more difficult for the operation group to lose its food. The random and loose nature of the Chinese medicine's own self-knowledge of its advantages and disadvantages can not be changed, and finally, the collapse of the group is caused by the collapse of the group, which is the manifestation of the Chinese character and the continuation of the more and more harm in the end of the Han Dynasty. The remainder of the paper makes a reexamination of the image of the history of the Chinese medicine. The image of the image in history can be generally summarized as a kind of wild and wild type. "Four. This is a reflection of the identity of the royal-type Xia, and it is also a reflection of the advantages and disadvantages of the Han Dynasty. But the image of the operation was demonized by the demonic. Although the technique was not very good, it was not as good as the book, but the pride was once loyal to the Han's room. This is a one-sided, because of the prejudice of the history and the widespread and derogatory of the history.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234.2

【相似文献】