伯林的自由概念与人性

发布时间：2018-02-25 06:20

本文关键词： 伯林人性理性积极自由消极自由价值多元论自由主义　出处：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以赛亚·伯林对自由的批判性反思在道德和政治哲学中产生了重大影响并激发了热烈的争议和讨论。很多批评者认为,他在不遗余力地推行消极自由的同时也诋毁和拒斥了所谓的积极自由。然而,不论是伯林对积极自由的理解,还是他对待这种自由的态度,实际上都比很多批评者所设想的要复杂得多。在从思想史的角度来解读积极自由的观念在现代政治实践中所遭到的滥用的同时,伯林实际上也让我们看到了积极自由同样是人的一种深层渴望。因此,可以通过考察人性的双重本质来探究自由与人性的关系,进而在理论上澄清伯林的自由学说及其与自由主义的本质联系,最终会发现伯林对消极自由的捍卫不仅是可靠的,而且也为他所设想和倡导的那种自由主义提供了理性辩护。
[Abstract]:Isaiah Berlin's critical reflection on freedom has had a major impact on moral and political philosophy and sparked heated debate and discussion. Many critics say, While sparing no effort to promote negative freedom, he denigrated and rejected the so-called positive freedom. However, whether it was Berlin's understanding of positive freedom or his attitude towards it, It's actually a lot more complicated than many critics think. While reading the idea of positive freedom from the perspective of the history of thought, the abuse of the idea of positive freedom in modern political practice, Berlin actually shows us that positive freedom is also a deep desire of human beings, so we can explore the relationship between freedom and human nature by examining the dual nature of human nature. Furthermore, by clarifying Berlin's theory of freedom and its essential connection with liberalism, it is found that Berlin's defense of negative freedom is not only reliable, but also provides a rational defense for the kind of liberalism he envisions and advocates.
【作者单位】：浙江大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目(11BZX079) 浙江大学社会科学研究院规划项目“马克思主义与全球正义”
【分类号】：D081

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