职业伦理与公民道德——涂尔干对国家与社会之关系的新构建

发布时间：2018-03-09 01:37

本文选题：涂尔干　切入点：国家　出处：《社会学研究》2014年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：大革命后社会普遍存在的失范状态,是抽象人格和抽象政治造成的后果。涂尔干清醒地认识到,若要解决国家与社会的对立关系,就必须从民情出发,确立一种基于社会实在的社会科学和规范基础,并通过追溯法团的历史传统及其现代转交,将社会结构重新落实在职业群体之上,为现代社会个体道德和职业伦理的建设奠定组织基础。与此同时,涂尔干通过细致追查契约的历史脉络,批判了契约论视野下的抽象国家观念。现代民主制政治的形成,既不是通过个体意志权利让渡的结果,也不是纯粹国家权威的体现,而是经由职业群体作为政治的基本单位及由此形成的中介作用,通过代议制来实现国家的政治作用。正是自成一类的"社会",为国家提供了更高的神圣基础以及超越现实政治的人类理想,从而将现代政治落实在职业伦理和公民道德相结合的基础上。
[Abstract]:The state of anomie that prevailed after the Great Revolution was a consequence of abstract personality and abstract politics. Durkheim was soberly aware that in order to resolve the antagonistic relationship between the state and society, one must proceed from the people's feelings. Establishing a social science and normative foundation based on social reality and re-establishing the social structure above professional groups by tracing back to the historical traditions of the corporation and its modern transfer, At the same time, by carefully tracing the historical context of contract, Durkheim criticizes the abstract concept of state in the field of contract and the formation of modern democratic politics. It is not the result of the transfer of individual rights of will, nor is it the embodiment of the authority of the state, but through the professional group as the basic unit of politics and the intermediary function formed therefrom. It is the "society" of its own kind that provides the nation with a higher sacred foundation and a human ideal that transcends realpolitik. In order to implement modern politics on the basis of the combination of professional ethics and civic morality.
【作者单位】：北京大学社会学系;
【基金】：2013年度国家社会科学基金项目“涂尔干的道德教育思想与职业伦理及公民道德的社会建设”(13BSH004)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D03

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