哈耶克自由宪政思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 13:11

本文选题：哈耶克　切入点：秩序与规则　出处：《重庆大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 哈耶克作为20世纪著名的思想家、经济学家和政治、法律哲学家,其思想在西方乃至当代中国都影响甚广。其中,哈耶克宪政思想是整个理论体系的一个重要组成部分,他的宪政思想建立在严格的逻辑论证基础上,并吸收和借鉴了西方两百余年宪政实践的经验和教训。他的宪政思想以自由为出发点,深深地植根于其明确的知识论立场之上,尤其是直接源于其对规则与秩序的阐发之上。本文拟以自由宪政和民主宪政的对比为主要径路,致力于展现哈耶克最具吸引力和独特性的自由宪政思想,以期为中国的宪政建设和改革提供借鉴。在对规则与秩序的探讨过程中,哈耶克明确界分了内部规则与外部规则以及自生自发秩序与组织秩序的不同。然而,现代社会却逐步以外部规则取代内部规则,以组织秩序统合自生自发秩序,建立在这一谬误基础之上的现代代议民主制根本就不能对权力施加真正的限制,从而也不能为宪政的施行提供真正的基础。对于此,哈耶克认为应当创制出一种能够真正体现和维护宪政精神的制度,从而提出其自由宪政新模式。哈耶克的自由主义是经由他的法律与宪政思想来表达的,他将政治问题上升为法律问题,通过他新的宪法模式以达到其实现宪政的目的。真正的宪政乃是对任何至上权力的政府的限制,一般国家中,是政府可能拥有这种权力,因而普遍的观点是法治即对政府权力的限制,即阻止政府可能的权力滥用,一种理想的模式便是权力分立,即一般认为的立法、司法、行政权力的分立。在哈耶克所构设的宪政模式中,权力分立是可行的。由两个代议机构即立法议会和政府治理议会分别行使立法权和指挥政府治理的权力。哈耶克的诸多理论是人类思想史上的重要财富,对这些理论的解读,对当下中国社会出现的许多问题的治理具有一定的价值。哈耶克的自由宪政思想为中国的法律思想开启了一个新的视域,我们应该积极探究和吸收他思想中的合理内核,这就需要我们创造性地理解法律、宪法、国家、民主、自由等思想,努力建立一个自由的法治国家。
[Abstract]:As a famous thinker, economist and philosopher of politics and law in 20th century, Hayek's thought has a wide influence in the west and even in contemporary China, among which, Hayek's constitutional thought is an important part of the whole theoretical system. His constitutional thought is based on strict logical argumentation, and absorbs and draws lessons from more than 200 years of constitutional practice in the West. His constitutional thought takes freedom as the starting point and is deeply rooted in his clear position of knowledge theory. Especially from its interpretation of the rules and order, this paper intends to show Hayek's most attractive and unique free constitutional thought with the contrast of free constitutional and democratic constitutionalism as the main path. In order to provide reference for China's constitutional construction and reform. In the process of discussing the rules and order, Hayek made clear the difference between the internal rules and the external rules, as well as the spontaneous order and the organizational order. However, in modern society, the internal rules were gradually replaced by the external rules. Modern representative democracy based on this fallacy can not impose real restrictions on power, and thus can not provide a real basis for the implementation of constitutionalism, because of the integration of organizational order with spontaneous order, and the modern representative democracy based on this fallacy is not able to impose real restrictions on power, nor can it provide a real basis for the implementation of constitutionalism. Hayek thought that we should create a system which can truly embody and maintain the spirit of constitutionalism, and put forward a new model of free constitutionalism. Hayek's liberalism was expressed through his ideas of law and constitutionalism. He raised political issues to legal issues. Through his new constitutional model to achieve its constitutional purpose. True constitutionalism is the restriction on any government with supreme power, which is likely to be vested in the government in general, Therefore, the general view is that the rule of law, that is, the restriction of government power, that is, to prevent the possible abuse of power by the government, is an ideal model for separation of powers, that is, what is generally considered to be legislation and justice. Separation of executive powers. In Hayek's constitutional model, separation of powers is feasible. Two representative bodies, the Legislative Assembly and the Government governing Council, exercise the legislative power and the power to direct the government respectively. Hayek's theories are an important asset in the history of human thought. The governance of many problems in the present Chinese society has certain value. Hayek's free constitutional thought opens a new horizon for China's legal thought, and we should actively explore and absorb the rational core of his thought. This requires us to creatively understand the law, constitution, state, democracy, freedom and other ideas, and strive to build a free state of law.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.5;D911

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