罗尔斯平等思想及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-26 20:28

本文选题：罗尔斯　切入点：平等思想　出处：《黑龙江省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：罗尔斯在对功利主义批判的背景下提出了他的平等思想,这一思想以“平等的自由原则”、“机会公平原则”和“差别原则”为核心,表达了对人权的极大维护。罗尔斯平等思想对人权的维护具体体现在政治权利的平等、经济权利的平等、社会权利的平等、文化权利的平等以及代际之间的平等。其中,政治权利的平等包含了民主的平等、程序正义的平等和自由的平等;经济权利的平等表现在职务、地位及机会向所有人开放,以及改善“最不利者”处境;社会权利的平等体现在最大最小化规则与最低社会保障的设立;文化权利的平等主要体现在教育权利的平等,教育权利的平等主要强调了教育机会的平等;除此之外,代际之间的平等是在设定社会最低受惠值后,需要按照储存原则来实现。可以说,罗尔斯的平等思想是对传统契约论和古典自由主义的一种发展和超越,但他并没有彻底解释不平等的根源,其理论的运用上尚缺乏操作性。尽管如此,罗尔斯的平等思想对我国有很大的启示。它启示我国应注重以下几个方面:一是加强反腐倡廉建设,优化政治生态,实现公民权利与公权力的平衡,促进民主的平等发展;二是创造公平竞争的发展环境,为公民、法人提供平等、开放的参政议政机会;三是积极推进基本公共服务的均等化,实现最大多数人和最少数人的利益;四是提高生态的可持续发展能力,维护代际之间的平等。
[Abstract]:Against the background of criticism of utilitarianism, Rawls put forward his thought of equality, which is centered on the principle of equal freedom, the principle of fair opportunity and the principle of difference. Expressing the great protection of human rights. Rawls' equal thought on human rights is embodied in equality of political rights, equality of economic rights, equality of social rights, equality of cultural rights, and equality between generations. The equality of political rights includes the equality of democracy, the equality of procedural justice and the equality of freedom; the equality of economic rights is manifested in the opening of positions, status and opportunities to all, as well as the improvement of the situation of the "most disadvantaged"; The equality of social rights is embodied in the rule of maximum minimization and the establishment of minimum social security; the equality of cultural rights is mainly embodied in the equality of the right to education, and the equality of the right to education mainly emphasizes the equality of educational opportunities; in addition, the equality of cultural rights mainly emphasizes the equality of educational opportunities. Intergenerational equality is achieved in accordance with the principle of storage after setting the minimum value of social benefits. It can be said that Rawls' idea of equality is a development and transcendence of traditional contract theory and classical liberalism. But he didn't completely explain the root causes of inequality, and his theory was not yet operational. Rawls' equality thought has great enlightenment to our country. It enlightens our country to pay attention to the following aspects: first, strengthen the construction of anti-corruption, optimize political ecology, realize the balance between civil rights and public power, and promote the equal development of democracy; The second is to create a development environment of fair competition, to provide citizens and legal persons with equal and open opportunities to participate in political affairs, and third, to actively promote the equalization of basic public services and to realize the interests of the greatest majority and the most few; Fourth, improve the ability of ecological sustainable development and maintain intergenerational equality.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D081;D621

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