杜威的实用主义科学观研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 03:18

本文选题：约翰·杜威　切入点：科学观　出处：《武汉科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：杜威从他的经验主义、实用主义或工具主义的立场出发，对现代科学给出了不少自己的独特见解。在杜威的实用主义哲学中，现代科学研究是在充满大量仪器设备的实验室中进行的，而不是在堆满书籍的书斋中进行的；现代科学是人应付生存、生活问题的工具，是解决疑难问题的技术，是进行实验的真理，而不是对世界的本质的反映的客观的静态的理论，因此，科学就是人生的一部分，而不再是作为传统哲学的一个部分或分支而存在。现代科学的意义或价值就是引导人们获得成功。只有在解决问题的探索性实验中，科学的概念或理论对人才是有意义的或可以理解的；只有在解决问题的探索性实验中，科学的概念或理论才被证明是真的。杜威的科学观，如果从形而上学的角度看，是有一定积极意义的，因为它强调了科学理论的非实体性，科学理论的理解性，整个科学的属人性；但如果从认识论的角度说，它的困难或局限又是十分明显的，，因为它基本否认了科学理论的反映性、客观性，科学真理的普遍性。因此，我们对杜威的实用主义科学观应该批判的继承，发扬其对现代科学有积极意义的一面，同时正视其局限性。
[Abstract]:Dewey, from his standpoint of empiricism, pragmatism or instrumentalism, gave many unique views on modern science. Modern scientific research is carried out in a laboratory full of instruments and equipment, not in a study filled with books; modern science is a tool for man to cope with problems of existence and life, a technique for solving difficult problems, Is the truth of the experiment, not the objective static theory that reflects the nature of the world, and therefore science is a part of life, Not as a part or branch of traditional philosophy. The meaning or value of modern science is to guide people to success. Only in exploratory experiments to solve problems, Scientific concepts or theories are meaningful or understandable to human beings; only in exploratory problem-solving experiments are scientific concepts or theories proven to be true. Dewey's view of science, if viewed from a metaphysical point of view, Because it emphasizes the non-materiality of scientific theory, the understanding of scientific theory, the humanity of science as a whole, but from the perspective of epistemology, its difficulties or limitations are very obvious. Because it basically denies the reflection, objectivity and universality of scientific truth, we should critically inherit Dewey's pragmatism view of science and carry forward its positive significance to modern science. At the same time face up to its limitations.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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