民族主义之前的“民族”:一项基于西方情境的概念史考察

发布时间：2018-04-24 06:56

本文选题：民族 + 人民　；参考：《中国社会科学》2017年07期

【摘要】：人类学关于"民族"(nation)的界说,通常会提及共同的语言、风俗、文化传统和历史记忆等要素。但这些要素也都见于"族群"(ethnic groups)。概念史考察表明,"nation"一词是通过一场复杂的话语竞争进入近代欧洲政治语境的。在这个过程中,其意涵的确定受到了现代性国家建构的深刻影响:共同的"地域"被看作是国家的"领土",共同的"语言"是书同文意义的"国语",至于共同的"起源"、"文脉"和"记忆",事实上也通过国家编年史的书写及相关文学表象而得到了重塑。法国大革命《人权宣言》第三条关于国家主权寄托于"民族"的宪法性规定,提供了一个民族论述的经典政治版本。据此,作为政治共同体的"民族"必须基于领土型国家的大空间尺度来定义,而生活在领土型国家范围内的诸多"族群",则只能被理解为文化意义的人群共同体。
[Abstract]:Anthropological definitions of "nationality" often refer to elements such as common languages, customs, cultural traditions and historical memories. But these elements are also found in ethnic groups. The study of concept history shows that the word "nation" entered the modern European political context through a complicated discourse competition. In the process, The definition of its meaning is deeply influenced by the construction of modern country: the common "region" is regarded as the "territory" of the country, the common "language" is the "national language" of the same meaning of the book, and the common "origin", "context" And memory, in fact, has been reshaped through the writing of the national chronicle and related literary representations. Article 3 of the Declaration of Human Rights of the French Revolution provides a classic political version of the national discourse. Therefore, as a political community, a "nation" must be defined on the basis of the large spatial scale of a territorial state, while many "ethnic groups" living in a territorial state can only be understood as a community of people of cultural significance.
【作者单位】：南京大学政府管理学院;南京大学学衡研究院;
【基金】：教育部重大攻关项目“中国话语体系建设与全球治理研究”(项目编号16JZD008)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D091.5

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