试论洛克革命理论的保守性——从委托的角度理解洛克的革命理论

发布时间：2018-05-02 23:07

本文选题：革命 + 委托　；参考：《学术研究》2014年09期

【摘要】：洛克在《政府论》中指出,政府权力来自人民,人民拥有对政府进行革命的权利,可以推翻他们认为已经失去合法性的政府。这通常被看成是洛克革命理论的主要内容,反映了洛克自由主义的激进因素,很多人据此认为洛克的革命理论是一种赋予人民权利推翻政府的激进理论。然而,这种理解并不能反映洛克革命思想的本来面貌,也无法触及洛克政治思想中的复杂性。洛克认为人们虽然有对非法政府反抗的权利,但这种权利不能随意使用,人们既然通过委托的形式成立了政府,就有义务服从它,只有在政府背离委托的最初目的、违背公共利益时,人们才有可能通过收回委托而反抗政府。也就是说,洛克在赋予人民革命权的同时,也对革命权进行了约束,对人们反抗政府作了限制,这反映了洛克革命理论保守的一面。本文从委托的角度出发,回顾了政府的建立和革命的实现,分析了洛克革命理论中的保守倾向,从而试图挖掘洛克革命理论中隐含的激进与保守的张力,指出洛克革命理论的复杂性。
[Abstract]:Locke points out in the Theory of Government that the power of government comes from the people, who have the right to revolution against the government that they believe has lost legitimacy. This is usually regarded as the main content of Locke's revolutionary theory, which reflects the radical factors of Locke's liberalism, according to which many people think that Locke's revolutionary theory is a radical theory that gives people the right to overthrow the government. However, this understanding does not reflect the original appearance of Locke's revolutionary thought, nor does it touch on the complexity of Locke's political thought. Locke believes that although people have the right to resist the illegal government, but this right can not be used at will, since people set up a government through the form of entrustment, they have the obligation to serve it, only if the government deviates from the original purpose of entrusting. When it is against the public interest, it is possible to resist the government by withdrawing the commission. That is to say, Locke restricted the people's revolutionary right and restricted people's resistance to the government, which reflected the conservative side of Locke's revolutionary theory. From the perspective of entrustment, this paper reviews the establishment of government and the realization of revolution, analyzes the conservative tendency in Locke's revolutionary theory, and tries to excavate the radical and conservative tension implied in Locke's revolutionary theory. The complexity of Locke's revolutionary theory is pointed out.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：D091

【共引文献】