康有为君主观演变研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 11:28

本文选题：康有为 + 君主观　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：康有为作为近代中国最重要的启蒙人物之一，他的思想在学术、政治以及经济方面都具有非常重要的意义。他身处国际侵略者紧逼及国内动荡不安的危机情况下。然而这种情况并没有打倒爱国人士，他们只是将悲愤化为动力，把实现民族独立与国家富强的任务作为一切事情的出发点。通过对君主专制思想的批判，康有为研究其他成功国家的政治制度，并提出实行君主立宪制的主张，希望清王朝统治者——光绪皇帝能够接受他的改革方案，从而实现国家的富强。康有为在其政治思想中紧紧围绕着“君主”。他对中国一直以来奉行的封建专制制度进行了猛烈地抨击，并认为中国落后及衰败的根源就在于中国传统君主专制制度存在缺陷，从而提出希望通过渐进的改革使中国从封建君主专制国家过渡到君主立宪制国家，戊戌变法成为康有为对其君主思想实践的一次尝试，并通过皇帝的权威进行变法。完全将所有希望寄托到一个没有掌握实权的君主身上，注定着变法的失败。当改革过程没有像他所想象的那么简单之时，他又转而提出“虚君共和”的思想，直到他去世。康有为已经认识到中国落后的原因在于君主专制的存在，然而中国走向富强必须通过君主，所以这一矛盾关系就产生了。康有为的哲学观点是进化与渐进并存，极力反对突变。他的政治前途同光绪皇帝联系在一起，因此在对待光绪皇帝的态度上难免会有个人感恩之情的掺杂。同时自负的个性使其思想带有很浓的理想化的色彩。这些因素的存在是其君主观产生的重要根源。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important enlightenment figures in modern China, Kang Youwei's thought is of great significance in academic, political and economic fields. He was in a crisis of international invaders and domestic unrest. However, this situation did not bring down patriots, they only turned grief and anger into motive force, and took the task of national independence and national prosperity as the starting point of everything. By criticizing the idea of autocratic monarchy, Kang Youwei studied the political systems of other successful countries and put forward the idea of constitutional monarchy. He hoped that Emperor -, the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, would accept his reform plan. In order to achieve the prosperity of the country. Kang Youwei tightly revolved around the "monarch" in his political thought. He lashed out at the feudal autocracy that China had been pursuing, and believed that the root cause of China's backwardness and decline lay in the defects of China's traditional autocratic monarchy. It is hoped that China will transition from a feudal autocratic monarchy to a constitutional monarchy through gradual reform. The Reform Movement of 1898 has become an attempt by Kang Youwei to practice his monarch's ideology, and has been reformed through the authority of the emperor. Placing all hope entirely on a monarch who has no real power is doomed to the failure of reform. When the process of reform was not as simple as he had imagined, he turned to the idea of a virtual republic until his death. Kang Youwei has realized that the reason for China's backwardness lies in the existence of autocratic monarchy. Kang Youwei's philosophical view is that evolution and evolution coexist, and strongly oppose mutation. His political future is associated with Emperor Guang Xu, so there is inevitably a mixture of personal gratitude in his attitude towards Emperor Guang Xu. At the same time, the conceited personality makes its thoughts have a strong idealized color. The existence of these factors is an important source of the subjective emergence of its monarch.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D092

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