论马克思的社会正义理论及其现代价值

发布时间：2018-05-11 10:34

本文选题：马克思 + 社会正义理论　；参考：《上海交通大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会正义理论在马克思思想中占有重要地位，虽然马克思没有系统的社会正义理论的著述，但马克思一生的价值追求和实践目标就是谋求人类社会的真正正义，指出正义是社会主义和共产主义的首要价值。以马克思的社会正义理论为研究对象，是基于现实和理论双维背景的，一是回应现实需求；二是理论上正本清源，解蔽马克思社会正义理论，掌握社会正义问题研究的“话语权”。基于以上研究目的，首先对社会正义理论进行概述，系统阐述正义概念的溯源与发展，对正义的两种类型——个人正义与社会正义作出区分，并将社会正义与公平、平等等相关概念进行辨析，论述了社会正义的类型和层次。在此基础上，对马克思之前的西方社会正义理论进行历史考察，系统回顾马克思以前，西方思想史上“社会正义”观念的发展历程，并通过这种梳理指出，近代以前的所有正义观都是代表着他们所处社会中作为统治阶级的剥削阶级的利益。马克思通过对这些思想批判性地思考，以其对资产阶级剥削实质的尖锐批判及其唯物史观的立场，开启了正义思想研究史上的新视野。从总体上展示了马克思社会正义理论的全新视野，对马克思社会正义理论的逻辑起点、研究方法和根本特质进行系统论述。继而，以马克思社会正义理论本身为研究对象，从马克思的社会正义本质论、结构论和建构论来深入论述。第三章主要论述马克思的社会正义本质论，指出马克思对于社会正义的本质界定：社会正义是对现存经济关系的观念反映、是社会制度的公正要求同时也是一个历史范畴。第四章主要论述马克思的社会正义结构论，分为经济正义、制度正义和价值正义三个层次整体展示马克思对社会正义结构的划分。马克思深刻地指出经济正义是社会正义的基础；在经济正义体系中，生产正义是分配正义、交换正义和消费正义的前提；所有制的变革是实现社会正义的前提。第五章主要论述马克思的社会正义建构论，切实关注和探索社会正义实现的现实路径是马克思社会正义理论与以往历史上任何社会正义观之根本区别所在。马克思指出了实现社会正义的重要性、揭示建构社会正义的条件和现实路径并始终追求实质正义。第六章努力挖掘马克思社会正义理论的现代价值，回应选题意义，从理论和实践双重层面来论述，着重阐述马克思社会正义理论对于我国转型时期的社会正义理论和路径研究的启示。力图回到马克思思想本身，揭示马克思社会正义理论的全部内涵和本真精神，为正本清源、挖掘马克思社会正义理论的现代价值奠定好基础，同时为我国转型时期社会正义的建设提供科学指导。
[Abstract]:The theory of social justice plays an important role in Marx's thought. Although Marx does not have systematic writings on social justice, the value pursuit and practical goal of Marx in his life is to seek true justice in human society. It is pointed out that justice is the primary value of socialism and communism. Taking Marx's theory of social justice as the object of study, it is based on the background of reality and theory, one is to respond to the demand of reality, the other is to clear up the root of the theory and uncover Marx's theory of social justice. Grasp the "right of speech" in the study of social justice. Based on the above research purposes, firstly, the author summarizes the theory of social justice, systematically expounds the origin and development of the concept of justice, makes a distinction between the two types of justice-individual justice and social justice, and makes a distinction between social justice and equity. The related concepts such as equality are analyzed, and the types and levels of social justice are discussed. On this basis, the author makes a historical investigation on the western social justice theory before Marx, systematically reviews the development process of the concept of "social justice" in the history of western thought before Marx, and points out through this sort of combing, All the views of justice before modern times represent the interests of the exploiting class as the ruling class in their society. Marx thought critically of these thoughts, with his sharp criticism of the essence of bourgeois exploitation and his stand of historical materialism, opened a new horizon in the history of the study of justice thought. On the whole, it shows the new vision of Marx's theory of social justice, and systematically discusses the logical starting point, research method and fundamental characteristics of Marx's theory of social justice. Then, taking Marx's theory of social justice itself as the object of study, this paper discusses the essence of Marx's theory of social justice, the theory of structure and the theory of constructivism. The third chapter mainly discusses Marx's essence theory of social justice, and points out that Marx defines the essence of social justice: social justice is a reflection of the concept of existing economic relations, and it is also a historical category of social justice. The fourth chapter mainly discusses Marx's theory of social justice structure, which is divided into three levels: economic justice, institutional justice and value justice. Marx profoundly pointed out that economic justice is the foundation of social justice, in the system of economic justice, production justice is the premise of distribution justice, exchange justice and consumption justice, and the reform of ownership is the prerequisite to realize social justice. The fifth chapter mainly discusses Marx's construction theory of social justice. It is the fundamental difference between Marx's theory of social justice and any historical view of social justice to pay close attention to and explore the realistic path to realize social justice. Marx pointed out the importance of realizing social justice, revealed the conditions and realistic path of constructing social justice and always pursued substantive justice. The sixth chapter tries to excavate the modern value of Marx's theory of social justice, responds to the significance of selecting the topic, and discusses it from both theoretical and practical aspects. The enlightenment of Marx's theory of social justice to the research of social justice theory and path in the period of transition in our country is expounded. Trying to return to Marx's thought itself, to reveal the whole connotation and true spirit of Marx's theory of social justice, and to lay a good foundation for digging up the modern value of Marx's theory of social justice. At the same time, it provides scientific guidance for the construction of social justice in the transitional period of our country.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A811;D089

【引证文献】