普列汉诺夫对马克思社会有机体理论的继承与发展

发布时间：2018-05-17 22:11

本文选题：普列汉诺夫 + 马克思　；参考：《当代世界与社会主义》2013年01期

【摘要】：马克思社会有机体理论是历史唯物主义的重要组成部分,也是研究人类社会历史发展的一把金钥匙。普列汉诺夫继承了马克思社会有机体理论,并在社会有机体的内涵、构成、运行和发展向度等几个方面有了进一步的发展。在他看来,社会有机体范畴不仅囊括了人类社会生活诸要素及它们之间形成的各种社会关系,还包括地理环境和人自身。在社会有机体的结构方面,他创造性地提出了"五项因素公式",即生产力、经济关系、政治关系、社会心理、思想关系。在社会有机体的运行方面,他指出有机体的五个因素之间存在"等级序列"和"因果关系";社会意识自身有其变化发展的必然规律;有机体还具有"整体性",许多"环节"共同作用推动有机体运行。在社会有机体的发展向度方面,他认为历史规律的决定性和人的自选择性都起着作用。但由于理论脱离实际,普列汉诺夫对于社会有机体演进过程的认识存有明显的缺陷,最终陷入了机会主义。
[Abstract]:Marx's theory of social organism is an important part of historical materialism and a golden key to study the historical development of human society. Plainov inherited Marx's theory of social organism, and made further development in the connotation, constitution, operation and development of social organism. In his opinion, the category of social organism includes not only the elements of human social life and the social relations formed between them, but also the geographical environment and man himself. In the aspect of the structure of social organism, he creatively put forward the formula of "five factors", namely productivity, economic relation, political relation, social psychology, thought relation. In the aspect of the operation of social organism, he points out that there exists "rank sequence" and "causality" among the five factors of organism, and the social consciousness itself has its own inevitable law of change and development. Organisms also have "integrity", many "links" together to promote the operation of the organism. In the aspect of the development direction of social organism, he thinks that the determinacy of historical law and the self-selectivity of man play an important role. However, because the theory is divorced from practice, Plainov's understanding of the evolution of social organism has obvious defects, and he finally falls into opportunism.
【作者单位】：扬州大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目“马克思主义社会有机体理论发展史研究”(项目编号:11YJA710077)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：A811;D09

【共引文献】