徐复观的政治哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 18:13

本文选题：徐复观 + 人性论　；参考：《西南民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平”成为现代新儒家几代人所肩负的深重的历史使命。徐复观以时代“参与者”的身份深切的感受到历史与现实之间文化思想的激荡,他秉承了深埋于儒学血脉中的“忧患意识”,要为自由民主的政治体制寻找到立足的根本,而人性论恰恰是这一根本的源头。因为人性论是居于中国哲学思想史中的主干地位,它直接回答了中国文化“是什么”的问题,它又是中华民族精神形成的原动力。徐复观认为中国传统政治具有以君主主体性为本质的专制特征,正是这种专制政治两千多年来扭曲了儒家的政治思想,因此由孔子所奠定的儒家政治哲学何以能够在几千年的专制政治中得以转出,这便需要民主政治为儒家政治思想开辟坦途。在他看来孔子哲学建立之初就已为中国的自由民主社会奠定了人格基础,孔子确立了人在宇宙中的主体地位,寻找到安身立命的价值,将人从“自然”的阈限中解放出来,贯之以道德主体性的预设,推扩到政治的主体性“民”之根本,实现中庸之道。中国的政治思想原则一直都是与天下同欲,民的政治主体之所以没有建立起来是因为中国几千年的实际专制统治,将政治权力的根源看作是来自于君主而非人民,所以存在着政治的理念民是主体,现实的政治君为主体的政治二重主体性的矛盾。若要将民本思想接续上民主政治,就要将政治的主体从统治者移归于人民,赋予人民一定的权利来限制统治者的权力,将由道德上的无限的责任之感而引起的权力上的无限的支配欲望消解于人民的手中,将德治客观化出来构建具体可行的政治制度,徐复观认为近代的委托性民主政治即现代民主政治中的代议制政府则是较理想的政治形态。通过民主政治的桥梁架设于儒家精神之上,将政治的主体真正由统治者转向于民,以民所达到的归依来解决政治问题,从而能够真正超越于西方的民主政治而成为最理想的社会,这是徐复观发掘儒家政治思想中的民主精神而担当的理想重任。
[Abstract]:"for the sake of learning and peace for all" has become a profound historical mission for generations of modern Neo-Confucianists. Xu Fuguan, as a participant of the times, deeply felt the agitation of cultural thoughts between history and reality. He inherited the "sense of suffering" buried in the blood of Confucianism, and sought a foothold for the free and democratic political system. The theory of human nature is precisely the source of this fundamental. Because the theory of human nature is the main position in the history of Chinese philosophy and thought, it directly answers the question of "what is" in Chinese culture, and it is also the motive force of the formation of the Chinese nation's spirit. Xu Fuguan believes that Chinese traditional politics has the autocratic characteristic of the nature of the monarch's subjectivity, which has distorted the political thought of Confucianism for more than two thousand years. Therefore, the Confucian political philosophy established by Confucius can be transferred out of thousands of years of autocratic politics, which requires democratic politics to open up a smooth path for Confucian political thought. In his opinion, the foundation of personality for China's free and democratic society was laid at the beginning of the establishment of Confucius' philosophy. Confucius established the subject status of man in the universe, found the value of settling down, and liberated man from the threshold of "nature". According to the presupposition of moral subjectivity, it extends to the root of political subjectivity "people" and realizes the middle way. China's political and ideological principles have always been the same as the world, and the political subject of the people has not been established because of China's thousands of years of actual autocratic rule, the root of political power is regarded as coming from the monarch rather than the people. Therefore, there is a contradiction between the political idea that the people are the main body and the political dualism of the political monarch as the subject. If we want to continue the people-oriented thinking into democratic politics, we must transfer the subject of politics from the rulers to the people, and give the people certain rights to limit the power of the rulers. Dissolving in the hands of the people of the infinite desire for power arising from the sense of unlimited moral responsibility, and objectifying the rule of virtue to construct a concrete and feasible political system, Xu Fuguan thinks that the representative government in modern democratic politics is the ideal political form. Through the bridge of democratic politics to the Confucian spirit, the main body of politics is really shifted from the rulers to the people, and the political problems are solved by the people's return. Thus it is the ideal task for Xu Fuguan to explore the democratic spirit in Confucian political thought and to become the most ideal society beyond the democratic politics of the West.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092

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