当代社会民主主义论析

发布时间：2018-05-28 15:13

本文选题：社会党 + 第三条道路　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：在新自由主义和经济全球化的双重冲击下,民主社会主义自上个世纪七十年代后逐步陷入困境。为了扭转颓势,欧洲的社会党人选择了一条既不同于传统民主社会主义,又不同于新自由主义的“第三条道路”。“第三条道路”改革的实质是社会党对传统民主社会主义的背离和对新自由主义的趋同。欧洲民主社会主义运动由此演变成为社会民主主义运动。2007年以来的全球经济危机,加剧了社会党的衰落。可以预见,在未来相当长一段时期内,欧洲社会党右化、弱化、分化趋势难以避免。第一章主要探讨当代社会民主主义产生的历史背景。第二次世界大战后,新技术革命推动了欧洲发达资本主义产业结构变革。第一产业和第二产业在国民经济中的比重不断下降,第三产业迅猛发展。产业结构的变化导致了社会阶级结构的改变。工人阶级和农民阶级数量锐减,中间阶级人数迅猛增加。新技术革命同时为经济全球化提供了物质基础和技术保障。自上个世纪七十年代以来,经济全球化呈现明显加速趋势。在新技术革命和经济全球化背景下,新自由主义逐步崛起,而欧洲民主社会主义逐渐走向衰落。上个世纪九十年代的苏东剧变,更是加剧了民主社会主义的危机。第二章主要论述“第三条道路”改革的缘起、基本政策主张、不同模式以及“第三条道路”的实质。在新自由主义和苏东剧变双重打击下,社会党在大选中接连失败。为了摆脱困境,英国工党在布莱尔领导下,率先发起“第三条道路”改革,并以此赢得了英国大选。此后,德国施罗德、法国若斯潘等纷纷推出本国版的“第三条道路”。“第三条道路”在政党政策上奉行中间阶级化路线；在经济政策上主张公私兼顾、主张充分发挥市场作用,反对过分管制；在福利政策上主张没有义务就没有权利,用积极福利替代消极福利。“第三条道路”名义上标榜超越左右之争,但实质上是对传统民主社会主义的背离和向新自由主义的靠拢。通过“第三条道路”改革,欧洲社会民主主义完成了历史上的第三次转型,即彻底抛弃了社会主义,蜕变为资产阶级的社会民主主义运动。第三章主要论述二十一世纪初的社会民主主义现状,并对未来发展趋势做了展望。在二十一世纪初的大选中,社会党纷纷落选,社会民主主义重归颓势。2007年爆发的全球经济危机对社会党造成了巨大冲击。社会党几乎丢掉了危机爆发后的国内选举和欧洲议会选举。这预示着在未来相当长一段时期内,社会党趋于右化、弱化、分化趋势已经不可避免。第四章主要论述了社会民主主义的教训以及对中国共产党的启示。社会党在过去一百多年的时间里,并没有使资本主义和平长入社会主义,反倒蜕变成为资本主义制度的拥趸者。这个教训对于世界社会主义运动而言是极为惨痛的。中国共产党应当汲取社会党思想多元化、阶级中间化等诸多方面教训,永葆马克思主义工人党的革命本色。同时,社会党在国有化、计划化、劳资共决制、社会福利制度等方面的某些具体做法,对建设有中国特色社会主义具有一定启示意义。
[Abstract]:Under the double impact of Neo liberalism and economic globalization, democratic socialism has been in a difficult position since the 70s of last century. In order to reverse the decline, the socialists of Europe chose a "Third Road" which is different from the traditional democratic socialism and different from the new liberalism. The reform of the "third Road" is true. Quality is the Socialist Party's deviation from the traditional democratic socialism and the convergence of the new liberalism. The European democratic socialist movement has evolved into a global economic crisis since the.2007 year of the social democratic movement, which has exacerbated the social decline. It is foreseeable that the European Socialist Party is right, weakened, and divided for a long time in the future. The trend is hard to avoid.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical background of the generation of contemporary social democracy. After the Second World War, the new technological revolution promoted the transformation of the industrial structure of the developed capitalism in Europe. The proportion of the first and second industries in the national economy was declining, the third industry developed rapidly. The changes in the industrial structure led to the social class structure. The number of the working class and the peasantry was sharply reduced, the number of the middle classes increased rapidly. The new technological revolution also provided the material basis and technical guarantee for the economic globalization. Since the 70s of last century, the economic globalization has shown an obvious acceleration. In the context of the new technological revolution and the economic globalization, the new liberalism has gradually taken place. In the last century, the drastic change of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 90s aggravated the crisis of democratic socialism.
The second chapter mainly discusses the origin of the reform of the "Third Road", the basic policy, the different models and the essence of the "Third Road". Under the double blow of the new liberalism and the upheaval of the Soviet Union, the socialist party failed in the general election. In order to get rid of the dilemma, the British Labour Party led the "Third Road" under the leadership of Blair. Since then, it won the general election in Britain. Since then, Schroder, France and Jospin, Germany, have launched the "third roads" in their own version. "Third roads" pursue the middle class line in the political party policy; in the economic policy, it advocates public and private consideration, advocates the full play of the market role, and against excessive regulation; in the welfare policy. The proposition that there is no obligation and no right to use positive welfare to replace negative welfare. The "Third Road" on the nominal list goes beyond the right and left disputes, but in essence it is the deviation from the traditional democratic socialism and to the new liberalism. Through the "Third Road" reform, the European society has completed the third transformation of history. That is to say, completely abandoning socialism and transforming it into a bourgeois social democratic movement.
The third chapter mainly discusses the status of social democracy in the early twenty-first Century, and looks forward to the future development trend. In the early twenty-first Century general election, the socialist party was in succession, and the global economic crisis that broke out in the.2007 year of the social democratic reunification caused great impact on the Socialist Party. The socialist party almost lost the outbreak of the crisis. The national elections and the European Parliament elections indicate that in the long term, the socialist party tends to be right-wing and weakening, and the trend of differentiation is inevitable.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the lessons of social democracy and the enlightenment to the Communist Party of China. In the past more than 100 years, the socialist party has not made the capitalist peace into socialism, but has transformed into a capitalist system. This lesson is extremely painful for the world socialist movement. The Communist Party should draw lessons from the socialist ideological pluralism, class intermediation and many other aspects and keep the revolutionary original color of the Marx's Labour Party. At the same time, the socialist party has certain specific practices in the aspects of nationalization, planning, labor and capital system, social welfare system and so on, which have some enlightenment to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.6

【参考文献】