族性视野中多民族国家族际政治问题比较研究——基于尼日利亚与印度尼西亚民族国家建构的经验观察

发布时间：2018-08-01 09:05

【摘要】：族性是影响多民族国家安全及其族际政治走向的关键变量。它既能促进族际政治整合、维护国家安全、有助于民族国家建构,也能导致族际政治冲突、危及国家安全、阻碍民族国家建构。以"族性"为分析视角,通过对尼日利亚与印度尼西亚民族国家建构历程的梳理及其族际政治问题的比较,其共性特征包括:族际政治问题的分析单位是多民族国家;族际政治问题虽然发生在现实中的多民族国家,却往往带有深刻的历史根源;政治与文化边界的重叠是族际政治问题产生的逻辑起点;国内不同民族群体无法得到平等公正对待是导致族际政治问题的核心因素;军事专政和腐败会增加族际政治问题的风险和国家安全的不确定性。解决多民族国家族际政治问题、确保国家安全的关键在于如何让一个在历史上和观念中都不曾存在的国家民族能够超越族性分界而被成功建构。结合两国国情提出应对策略:寻找重叠共识,建构文化多元、政治一体的国族共同体;借鉴差异政治和差别公民权利思想,探寻积极回应不同民族群体正当利益诉求、实现各族人民成果共享、利益均沾的政治制度、体制和机制;消除军人在政治生活中的影响,惩治腐败;探索包容促进多语言、多宗教和谐相处的民族政策。
[Abstract]:Ethnicity is the key variable that influences the national security and the trend of inter-ethnic politics. It can not only promote ethnic political integration, safeguard national security, help nation-state construction, but also lead to inter-ethnic political conflict, endanger national security and hinder nation-state construction. From the perspective of "ethnicity", this paper combs the process of the construction of the nation state between Nigeria and Indonesia and compares the political problems among the ethnic groups. The common features include: the analysis unit of the ethnic politics problem is the multinational country; Although inter-ethnic political problems occur in multi-ethnic countries in reality, they often have profound historical roots, and the overlapping of political and cultural boundaries is the logical starting point for the emergence of inter-ethnic political problems. The lack of equal and fair treatment of different ethnic groups in China is the core factor leading to inter-ethnic political problems, and military dictatorship and corruption will increase the risks of inter-ethnic political problems and the uncertainty of national security. The key to solve the ethnic politics of multi-ethnic countries and ensure national security lies in how to make a nation that has never existed in history and concept be constructed successfully. According to the national conditions of the two countries, this paper puts forward some countermeasures: to find the overlapping consensus, to construct a multi-cultural and political community, to draw lessons from the thought of differential politics and different civil rights, and to explore and respond positively to the legitimate interests of different ethnic groups. To realize the political system, system and mechanism of sharing the fruits of the people of all ethnic groups, and to eliminate the influence of soldiers in the political life and punish corruption; and to explore the national policy of tolerance and promotion of multilingualism and multireligious harmony.
【作者单位】：燕山大学文法学院;复旦大学民族研究中心;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第58批面上一等资助项目(项目号:2015M580280);中国博士后科学基金第9批特别资助项目(2016T90327)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D032;D734.2;D743.7

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