当代西方政党执政理论景观研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 12:18

【摘要】：现代政治是以政党为核心展开的。立足社会，运行国家，领导社会进步与发展是执政党存在的基本状态；掌握和运行国家政权，是执政党执政的政治前提；推进国家与社会进步，，是执政党执政的使命与根本。在全球化和信息化的时代，各国执政党都面临着共同的政治、经济、社会和国际问题的严峻挑战。当代西方国家政党在长期的执政实践中采取的一系列政策和治国理政的举措，顺应了生产力的发展，对改良资本主义体制起到了积极的推动作用。虽然我国与西方国家的政治制度不同，政治意识形态和价值观也不同；但是，对当代西方国家政党的执政理论以及执政经验进行实事求是的研究，有助于完善适合我国国情和我国发展需要的政党政治，有助于执政党适应潮流、自我革新和走向现代化。本文以当代西方政党执政理论作为研究的切入点，通过对当代西方政党的执政概念、执政流程图式、执政的法律基础、执政的挑战与应对等问题的分析和研究，认识个性、把握共性，总结当代西方政党在执政方面可以借鉴的经验，以期对我国政党建设提供一定启示和借鉴作用。全文共分为五章：绪论部分主要介绍了本论文选题的背景和意义，当代西方政党的国内外研究现状，研究思路与论文框架，以及论文的研究方法。第一章：当代西方政党的执政概念视野。首先阐述了政党与执政党的概念、基本特征，以及政党的功能作用；其次，从当代西方政党执政的类分出发，分析了竞争性和垄断性两种不同性质的政党执政结构；同时还介绍了当代西方政党执政的三种基本形式，单独执政、联合执政和地方执政；最后从实施政策供给、制定法律法规、开展人事任命、进行价值分配四个方面对当代西方政党执政的基本方式进行了论述。本章是整篇论文的基础理论部分，为论文主体的后续论述奠定了理论基础。第二章：当代西方政党的执政流程图式。本部分主要探讨了当代西方政党的执政理念、执政路径和执政政策。执政理念，通常是指执政党履行执政任务、巩固执政地位的指导观念以及在过程中所展示出来的责任意识。这一部分从西方执政党的政治理念、经济理念、社会理念和国际理念四个角度出发，深入论证了西方执政党的前途命运与执政理念息息相关。当代西方政党多在竞争模式中执政，要取得执政地位就要首先参加选举以获取执政资格，其次通过操纵议会来制定法规制度，再次介入政府来贯彻政党主张。一个执政党所实施的经济社会政策是否能促进和保障生产力的持续发展、经济建设取得成就和人民生活水平的提高，是考察其是否具有合理性、优越性的重要标志。二战后，西方国家政党不断调整和改革执政的各项政策，其中政治、经济和福利政策的新变革使西方国家执政党的政策创新取得了一定的成效，从而赢得了广泛的社会基础，并巩固了执政地位。第三章：当代西方政党执政的法律基础。西方国家在长期的社会实践过程中，不断摸索制定出对执政党执政进行有效监督约束的法律武器，主要有两种，一个是宪政，另一个就是政党法。本部分首先从宪政的涵义，宪政是民主的最高形式，西方宪政文化的特点，西方主要国家宪政模式四个方面阐述了对宪政的理解；人类在民主的基础上，建立以宪法为核心的法治，以法治保障人权、限制民主、制约政府权力，这就是宪政；宪政就是民主、法治、人权相互支撑、相互制约的政府。其次从政党法的涵义，政党法的缘起，政党法的内容和形式逐渐深入，探讨了政党法对西方国家政党的影响。第四章：当代西方政党执政的挑战与应对。本章主要分析了西方国家执政党在执政过程中的两个挑战，一个是执政党与腐败问题，另一个是社会变迁中执政党面临的危机；以及针对这些问题，西方国家执政党如何通过改革的方式来应对危机。各国执政党与腐败历来是相伴相形，不同的只是轻重程度而已。腐败会削弱执政基础，导致执政党执政能力下降、甚至丧失执政权。在经济全球化、社会信息化、全球一体化的影响下，执政党的政治控制手段、执政内容与方式都受到了全新的挑战。要以何种方式来应对，西方国家执政党通过完善各项基本的政治制度体制，大力推进法治进程，改革执政党的理论基础，不断加强执政党的代表性，构建大众性政党模式等举措，做到了与时俱进，从而维护了自己的执政地位。第五章：当代西方政党执政经验的借鉴与启示。本部分是论文创作的出发点和落脚点。治国安邦，巩固执政地位，几乎是所有执政党都在追求的目标，然而要真正实现这样一个目标，主观上要求执政党具备科学的执政理念和执政思维，客观上要求执政党具备治理国家的能力。中国共产党在中国执政，是历史的选择，人民的选择，但要保住长期执政地位，领导社会不断进步与发展，就必须随着执政环境和执政条件的变化而相应增强自身的执政能力。当代西方政党的执政理论为中国共产党防范执政风险和巩固执政地位拓宽了思路：科学的执政理念是加强党的执政能力建设的前提；宪政思维执政是加强党的执政能力建设的根本；改进党的执政方式是提高党的执政能力的必要途径；构建科学的党内民主运行机制是提高党的执政能力的重要手段。
[Abstract]:The modern politics is based on the political party as the core. Based on the society, running the country, leading the social progress and development is the basic state of the ruling party. It is the political premise of the ruling party to master and run the state power, and to promote the progress of the state and the society is the mission and fundamental of the ruling party. In the era of globalization and information, each of them is in power. The ruling party of the country faces a serious challenge to the common political, economic, social and international problems. A series of policies and measures adopted by the political parties of the modern western countries in the long-term practice of governance have conformed to the development of the productive forces and played an active role in the improvement of the capitalist system. Although China and the western countries have taken a positive role. The political system is different and the political ideology and values are different. However, it is helpful to improve the political party politics which suits our national conditions and the needs of our country, and help the ruling party to adapt to the tide, to innovate and to modernize.
This paper, taking the ruling theory of contemporary western political parties as the breakthrough point, through the analysis and study of the ruling concept of the contemporary western political parties, the governing process schemata, the legal basis of the ruling, the challenge and response of the ruling, the understanding of individuality and the generality, summarizes the experience that the contemporary western political party can draw on in power, with a view to me The construction of political parties in China will provide some inspiration and reference.
The full text is divided into five chapters.
The introduction part mainly introduces the background and significance of this thesis, the research status of contemporary western political parties at home and abroad, research ideas and paper framework, and the research methods of the thesis.
The first chapter is the view of the ruling concept of the contemporary western political parties. First, the concept, basic characteristics and function function of the party and the party are expounded. Secondly, the ruling structure of two different political parties, competitive and monopolistic, is analyzed from the classification of the ruling party in the contemporary western countries, and the political parties in the West are also introduced. The three basic forms of politics are in power alone, in power, in power and in power. Finally, the basic mode of the ruling of contemporary western political parties is discussed from four aspects: implementing policy supply, formulating laws and regulations, carrying out personnel appointments and carrying out value distribution. This chapter is the basic theory part of the whole paper and lays a foundation for the follow-up discussion of the main body of the paper. The basis of the theory is set.
The second chapter: the governing process schemata of contemporary western political parties. This part mainly discusses the ruling idea, the ruling path and the ruling policy of the contemporary western political parties. The ruling idea is usually refers to the guiding ideology of the ruling party to fulfill the ruling task, the guiding concept of consolidating the ruling position and the sense of responsibility shown in the process. This part is held from the West. The political idea, the economic idea, the social idea and the international idea of the political party are four points of view. The future of the Western ruling party is closely related to the ruling idea. The contemporary western political parties are in power in the competition mode. To obtain the ruling position, the ruling status must first take part in the ruling qualification, followed by the manipulation of the parliament. It is an important sign of whether the economic and social policies implemented by a ruling party can promote and guarantee the sustainable development of the productive forces, the achievement of economic construction and the improvement of the people's living standard, which is an important sign of whether it is reasonable and superior. After World War II, the political parties in the western countries continued. The policies of adjusting and reforming the government, in which the new changes in political, economic and welfare policies have made certain achievements in the policy innovation of the ruling party in the western countries, thus winning a broad social basis and consolidating the status of the ruling party.
The third chapter is the legal basis of political party in power in the West. In the process of long-term social practice, western countries have been exploring and formulating legal weapons to effectively supervise and restrain the ruling party. There are two kinds of legal weapons, one is constitutionalism and the other is party law. The characteristics of Western constitutional culture, the understanding of constitutionalism in four aspects of the constitutional mode of the main western countries; on the basis of democracy, human beings establish the rule of law with the constitution as the core, to guarantee human rights by the rule of law, to restrict democracy and to restrict the power of the government, which is constitutionalism, which is democracy, rule of law, human rights supporting each other and restricting each other. Secondly, from the meaning of political party law, the origin of political party law, the content and form of political party law are gradually deepened, and the influence of political party law on political parties in western countries is discussed.
The fourth chapter: the challenge and response of the political party in power in the West. This chapter mainly analyzes the two challenges in the ruling process of the ruling party in the west, one is the ruling party and corruption, the other is the crisis faced by the ruling party in the social change; and in view of these problems, how should the ruling party of the western countries adopt the way of reform The ruling party and corruption are always concomitant with corruption, and the difference is only the degree of severity. Corruption will weaken the ruling foundation, lead to the decline in power of the ruling party, and even lose power. Under the influence of economic globalization, social information and global integration, the political control means of the ruling party, the content and the way of ruling are all subject to the influence of the economic globalization, social information and global integration. It is a new challenge. In what way should the ruling party of the western countries improve the basic political system, vigorously promote the process of the rule of law, reform the theoretical foundation of the ruling party, strengthen the representative of the ruling party, build the mass party mode and so on, and keep pace with the times, thus maintaining its ruling position.
The fifth chapter is the reference and Enlightenment of the ruling experience of the contemporary western political parties. This part is the starting point and the foothold of the thesis creation. It is almost the goal that all the ruling parties are pursuing. The ruling party has the ability to govern the country. The Communist Party of China is in power in China, the choice of history and the choice of the people. But to keep the long-term ruling position and lead the society to progress and develop, the ruling ability of the ruling party must be strengthened with the change of the ruling environment and the ruling conditions. The theory of the Communist Party of China has widened the thought of preventing the ruling risk and consolidating the ruling position: the scientific concept of ruling is the prerequisite for strengthening the party's ruling ability; the constitutional thinking in power is the fundamental way to strengthen the party's ruling ability, and the improvement of the party's ruling way is the necessary way to improve the power of the party's ruling power; Democratic operation mechanism is an important means to improve the party's ability to govern.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D05

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