米尔斯权力精英论探析
发布时间：2019-01-17 09:45
【摘要】：权力是政治学、政治社会学的核心范畴。政治社会学的权力研究按照王沪宁的概括主要包括“权力的理论框架和权力结构等，其中权力理论主要有场力理论、互动理论和精英理论等；而权力结构则主要是指权力分配的关系模式，其主要类型有激进——民主模式、民主——多元模式、多重精英模式以及权力精英模式。”精英理论经历了从传统精英论（V.帕累托、G.莫斯卡、R.米歇尔斯）到现代精英论（二战以后，赖特·米尔斯、H.拉斯韦尔、T戴伊等）的发展，恰恰是米尔斯的权力精英理论开始引发了由美国政治学家主导的权力大争论。米尔斯在《权力精英》的开篇就表明了他的“精英权力观”：当信息与权力的手段被集中起来的时候，某些人在美国社会中逐渐占据了可以高高在上往下蔑视他人的位置。他们主宰着现代社会中主要的等级制度和组织，他们管理着大型企业，他们支配着现代国家机器，他们控制着军事组织。米尔斯的权力精英论阐明了一个犹如金字塔状的美国权力结构。金字塔的顶端由富商、行政长官以及军界领袖组成，，这些人就是所谓的权力精英。顶端的下方则是地方性舆论领袖、政府立法部门成员和特殊利益集团的领导。米尔斯认为这些个人和团体基本上会遵从权力精英的意愿。而在金字塔的底部，则是未组织的、受剥削的民众。如果说权力精英论是引发权力大争论的始作俑者，那么它的另一个作用就是在帕森斯结构功能主义范式失去“一统天下”的局面后，将“冲突”重新引入政治社会学家的视野中，并且将达尔代表的多元主义拉下神坛，揭穿了不切实际的杰弗逊式神话的平衡理论。 本文以马克思主义的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义作为理论基础，对精英、精英主义、权力精英等概念作了界定，对精英理论的谱系作了梳理，从权力精英论的建构背景、内容特点、解释力以及权力精英论的影响这四个方面着重分析和阐述了米尔斯的权力精英论。在详细分析之后，本文从积极的意义和局限性两方面辩证的对权力精英论进行了评价，最后结合我国民主政治建设的实践，分析该理论的启迪意义。本文希望能够从政治价值性平衡、体制性平衡与行为性平衡三方面建构一种平衡性的政治制度，并转变权力观念，以政治知识化促进制度的不断完善，同时回归媒体的公共价值情怀和发挥教育的文化和社会功能，努力从制度和人两方面推进我国民主政治的平衡发展。
[Abstract]:Power is the core category of political science and political sociology. According to Wang Huning's summary, the power research of political sociology mainly includes the theoretical framework and power structure of power, among which the power theory mainly includes field force theory, interaction theory and elite theory. On the other hand, the power structure mainly refers to the relationship model of power distribution. Its main types are radical democratic model, democratic pluralistic model, multi-meritocracy model and power elite model. " The elite theory has experienced from the traditional elite theory (V. Pareto, G. Mosca, R. Michels to modern elitism (after World War II, Wright Mills, H. The development of Lasswell, T. Dey, etc.) it is precisely Mills' theory of power elite that has started to trigger a great power debate dominated by American political scientists. Mills' opening book, "the Power Elite," illustrates his "elite power view": when information and the means of power are pooled, some people in American society gradually occupy a position that can be held above and down in contempt for others. They dominate the main hierarchies and organizations of modern society, they run large enterprises, they dominate the modern state apparatus, they control military organizations. Mills' theory of power elitist illustrates a pyramid-like American power structure. The top of the pyramid is made up of wealthy businessmen, chief executives and military leaders, known as the elite of power. At the top are local opinion leaders, members of the legislature and leaders of special interest groups. Mills thinks these individuals and groups will basically follow the will of the elite. At the bottom of the pyramid are unorganized, exploited people. If the power elitist is the initiator of the great power debate, then another function of it is after Parsons' structural functionalism paradigm lost its "dominion". "conflict" was reintroduced into the field of view of political sociologists, and the pluralism represented by Dar was brought down from the altar, which exposed the impractical balance theory of Jefferson mythology. Taking Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the theoretical basis, this paper defines the concepts of elite, elitist and power elite, combs the pedigree of elite theory from the background of the construction of power elitist theory. This paper analyzes and expounds Mills' theory of power elitist from four aspects: content characteristics, explanatory power and influence of power elitist theory. After detailed analysis, this paper dialectically evaluates the theory of power elitist from two aspects of positive meaning and limitation, and finally analyzes the enlightening significance of this theory combined with the practice of democratic political construction in our country. This paper hopes to construct a balanced political system from the three aspects of political value balance, institutional balance and behavioral balance, and change the concept of power to promote the continuous improvement of the system with political knowledge. At the same time, we should return to the public value feelings of the media and give play to the cultural and social functions of education, and strive to promote the balanced development of democratic politics in our country from both the system and the human aspects.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2409924
[Abstract]:Power is the core category of political science and political sociology. According to Wang Huning's summary, the power research of political sociology mainly includes the theoretical framework and power structure of power, among which the power theory mainly includes field force theory, interaction theory and elite theory. On the other hand, the power structure mainly refers to the relationship model of power distribution. Its main types are radical democratic model, democratic pluralistic model, multi-meritocracy model and power elite model. " The elite theory has experienced from the traditional elite theory (V. Pareto, G. Mosca, R. Michels to modern elitism (after World War II, Wright Mills, H. The development of Lasswell, T. Dey, etc.) it is precisely Mills' theory of power elite that has started to trigger a great power debate dominated by American political scientists. Mills' opening book, "the Power Elite," illustrates his "elite power view": when information and the means of power are pooled, some people in American society gradually occupy a position that can be held above and down in contempt for others. They dominate the main hierarchies and organizations of modern society, they run large enterprises, they dominate the modern state apparatus, they control military organizations. Mills' theory of power elitist illustrates a pyramid-like American power structure. The top of the pyramid is made up of wealthy businessmen, chief executives and military leaders, known as the elite of power. At the top are local opinion leaders, members of the legislature and leaders of special interest groups. Mills thinks these individuals and groups will basically follow the will of the elite. At the bottom of the pyramid are unorganized, exploited people. If the power elitist is the initiator of the great power debate, then another function of it is after Parsons' structural functionalism paradigm lost its "dominion". "conflict" was reintroduced into the field of view of political sociologists, and the pluralism represented by Dar was brought down from the altar, which exposed the impractical balance theory of Jefferson mythology. Taking Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the theoretical basis, this paper defines the concepts of elite, elitist and power elite, combs the pedigree of elite theory from the background of the construction of power elitist theory. This paper analyzes and expounds Mills' theory of power elitist from four aspects: content characteristics, explanatory power and influence of power elitist theory. After detailed analysis, this paper dialectically evaluates the theory of power elitist from two aspects of positive meaning and limitation, and finally analyzes the enlightening significance of this theory combined with the practice of democratic political construction in our country. This paper hopes to construct a balanced political system from the three aspects of political value balance, institutional balance and behavioral balance, and change the concept of power to promote the continuous improvement of the system with political knowledge. At the same time, we should return to the public value feelings of the media and give play to the cultural and social functions of education, and strive to promote the balanced development of democratic politics in our country from both the system and the human aspects.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091
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