哈耶克规则理论研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 18:47

【摘要】：哈耶克以个体主义的方法论、经验主义的认识论、自由主义的价值观、机械论的进化史观作为规则理论的哲学前提，以西方发达社会的规则的产生与现状为事实依据，以社会秩序状态与个人自由的最大化为目标构造了自己的规则理论。哈耶克认为，遵循规则是人类的一个重要特征。遵循规则，使个人结成群体，并在群体生活中形成秩序，进而给遵循规则的群体带来了繁荣和发展。从小的群体到大社会是人类社会演变的一般进程，其内在的演变是人们遵循规则、趋于繁荣的扩展过程，其结果就是规则状态下的自由社会。哈耶克反对规则进化中的革命，从人类“无知”的知识状况出发，反对理性对于规则进化的干预，而把规则的进化理解为自生自发的过程，把大多数规则理解为进化的产物，特别是文化进化的产物。所以他认为，习得的规则优于遗传的规则，设计的规则无法替代习得的规则。而习得的规则也就是内部规则，这种规则作为出自于人的行动而非人为的设计，是具有天然合理性的规则，其发展的过程也就是从具体到抽象的过程。哈耶克规则理论的最后结论是:现代社会所需要的规则只能是正当行为规则，这是一种抽象的普遍的消极的形式的规则，哈耶克认为只有这样的规则才能最大限度地保证现代社会中个人的自由，，保证社会秩序的正常存在和扩展。哈耶克的规则理论是自由主义的规则理论，除了具有自由主义的一般特点外，还有几点应当引起我们的注意。在规则与知识的关系上，哈耶克否定了反思在规则形成与发展中的作用，也就陷入了规则的“内卷”问题，无法解释规则的发展与创新。在规则与人的关系上，哈耶克把作为个体的人与作为社会的人对立起来，把作为历史中的人与作为社会中的人对立起来，放弃了个人的社会属性，因而也就放弃了规则对于个人自由的积极意义。哈耶克的正当行为规则理论在抛弃了超个人的社会权威的同时，也抛弃了规则的一切社会规定，并不具有普遍的可操作性，至多是资本主义的虚假的意识形态。哈耶克的规则理论对于中国规则理论与实践建构具有某种启示或警示意义，但不具有指导意义，中国特色社会主义规则理论的建构还需要坚持马克思主义的基本立场、观点和方法，从中国实际出发，在中国特色社会主义建设的伟大实践中自觉创新。
[Abstract]:Hayek takes the methodology of individualism, the epistemology of empiricism, the values of liberalism and the evolutionary history of mechanism as the philosophical premise of the rule theory, and takes the emergence and present situation of the rules in the developed western society as the factual basis. Aiming at the maximization of social order state and individual freedom, this paper constructs its own rule theory. Hayek believes that following the rules is an important feature of human beings. Follow the rules, make individuals form a group, and form order in the group life, and then bring prosperity and development to the rule-based group. From small group to big society is the general process of human social evolution, and its internal evolution is the expanding process of people following the rules and tending to prosperity, and the result is the free society under the rule state. Hayek opposed the revolution in the evolution of rules, set out from the "ignorance" of human knowledge, opposed the intervention of reason in the evolution of rules, but understood the evolution of rules as a spontaneous process, and interpreted most rules as the products of evolution. Especially the product of cultural evolution. Therefore, he thinks that the rules of acquisition are superior to the rules of heredity, and the rules of design cannot replace the rules of acquisition. The acquired rules are internal rules, which are natural and reasonable rules, which are derived from human action rather than artificial design, and the process of its development is from concrete to abstract. The final conclusion of Hayek's rule theory is that the rules that modern society needs can only be the rules of legitimate conduct, which are abstract, universal, negative forms of rules. Hayek believes that only by such rules can the individual freedom and the normal existence and expansion of social order be guaranteed to the maximum extent in modern society. Hayek's theory of rules is a theory of liberalism. Besides the general characteristics of liberalism, we should pay attention to several points. In the relationship between rules and knowledge, Hayek denied the role of reflection in the formation and development of rules, and fell into the problem of "internal volume" of rules, which could not explain the development and innovation of rules. In the relationship between rules and people, Hayek opposed the individual against the person as the society, the man in history and the person in the society, and gave up the social attributes of the individual. Thus giving up the positive meaning of rules for individual freedom. Hayek's theory of the rules of just behavior abandoned the social authority of the super-individual and all the social regulations of the rules at the same time. It was not universally operable and at most was the false ideology of capitalism. Hayek's rule theory has some enlightenment or warning significance to the construction of Chinese rule theory and practice, but it has no guiding significance. The construction of the rule theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics still needs to adhere to the basic position of Marxism. Point of view and method, proceed from Chinese reality, in the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, consciously innovate.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091

【相似文献】