论三种自由

发布时间：2019-03-06 19:21

【摘要】：最近,政治哲学家们对社会自由、政治自由,尤其是无干涉自由和无支配自由概念给予了较多关注。概括而言,目前存在着三种不同的自由理念,它们分别是心理自由或精神自由、伦理自由或道德自由、政治自由或社会自由。这些自由在人的自由体系中占据不同的位置,具有不同的价值,依次呈现为意志自生自由、意志自主自由和意志自为自由。意志自生自由是指人们拥有对呈现在任何一次选择中的诸多选项进行慎思的心理能力。意志自主自由是指人们具有与可靠地实践那种能力相匹配的道德品质或技能,展示人们对将引导其开展慎思的诸多考虑的真实感悟。意志自为自由则是指人们在做出自由选择时得到政治保护,以至于他们能被视为自由人。无干涉自由和无支配自由具有本质差别,后者更接近人的本质。当我们讨论政治自由和社会自由时,最终必定会触及无支配自由。
[Abstract]:Recently, political philosophers have paid more attention to social freedom, political freedom, especially the concept of non-interference freedom and discretionary freedom. Generally speaking, there are three different ideas of freedom, namely psychological freedom or spiritual freedom, ethical freedom or moral freedom, political freedom or social freedom. These freedoms occupy different positions in the system of human freedom, and have different values, which are self-born freedom of will, freedom of free will and freedom of self-will in turn. Spontaneous freedom of will means that people have the mental ability to think carefully about the many options presented at any one time. Freedom of will means that people have moral qualities or skills that match the ability to practice reliably, and show people's true feelings about the many considerations that will guide them to contemplation. Self-freedom of will means that people are politically protected in making free choices so that they can be regarded as free people. There is an essential difference between non-interference freedom and discretionary freedom, which is closer to the essence of human beings. When we discuss political freedom and social freedom, we must eventually touch on the freedom of domination.
【作者单位】：普林斯顿大学政治学系;
【分类号】：D081

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