西方历史虚无主义四种理论形态及其批判

发布时间：2019-03-14 15:23

【摘要】：西方历史虚无主义有四种理论形态:古代形而上学的历史虚无论、近代理性主义的历史事实虚无论、现代实证主义的历史价值虚无论、后现代主义的历史本质和规律虚无论。古代形而上学的历史虚无论把"上帝"和"英雄"的故事看作是真实的人类历史,而劳苦大众没有历史;近代理性主义的历史事实虚无论用人的理性代替了神性、人的历史代替了上帝和英雄的救赎史,但用理性原则编排历史事实;现代实证主义的历史价值虚无论的核心原则就是"价值无涉",因为价值不能被实证;后现代历史虚无主义敞开了历史怀疑主义、相对主义和主观主义的大门,历史本身、历史事实、历史价值、历史本质和规律全部虚无化,最终全面彻底地走向历史虚无主义。今天,我们应当从历史唯物主义的角度来分析历史虚无主义谬误的理论根源,它对当代中国社会克服历史虚无主义的危害具有重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:There are four theoretical forms of western historical nihilism: the historical nihilism of ancient metaphysics, the historical fact of modern rationalism, the historical value of modern positivism, and the historical essence and law of post-modernism. The history of ancient metaphysics takes the story of "God" and "hero" as true human history, while the hard-working masses have no history. The historical facts of rationalism in modern times are false, no matter the rationality of human being has replaced the divinity, the history of man has replaced the history of God and hero's redemption, but the historical facts have been arranged with rational principle. The core principle of the historical value of modern positivism is that "value is not involved", because value cannot be proved. Post-modern historical nihilism opens the door to historical scepticism, relativism and subjectivism, history itself, historical facts, historical values, historical essence and law all nihilistic, finally heading towards historical nihilism completely and thoroughly. Today, we should analyze the theoretical origin of the historical nihilism fallacy from the angle of historical materialism, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the contemporary Chinese society to overcome the harm of historical nihilism.
【作者单位】：山西大学城乡发展研究院;许昌学院中原农村发展研究中心;
【基金】：中国博士后基金第59批面上资助项目“‘长时段理论’视角下资源型地区政治生态的优化机理”[项目编号:2016M591408]的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D092

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