朱熹德育思想问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-18 12:40

【摘要】：朱熹是宋明“理学”的集大成者，也是儒学发展史上承前启后、继往开来的哲学家、思想家和教育家，同时也是儒家德育思想体系的完善者，他在完整而系统的理学基础上，通过丰富的德育实践活动，形成了一套独特的德育思想体系。对于朱熹德育思想进行系统梳理和分析，，探究他的德育思想在现代德育中所具有的作用，挖掘其德育思想的精髓，吸收和借鉴其中有益的成分，对于现代高校思想政治教育者有很好的启示意义。本论文围绕朱熹德育思想形成的社会历史背景，比较全面的梳理了朱熹德育思想形成的理论基础，以此为基础专门对其德育思想的基本内容进行探讨，进而归纳了朱熹德育思想的基本特征及其德育原则，并对朱熹德育思想进行了一定程度的历史评价，最后分析证明朱熹德育思想对现代高校思想政治教育的重要启示。全文共分为四个部分：第一部分，主要介绍了朱熹德育思想形成的社会历史背景。特定的社会历史条件是朱熹德育思想产生的基石，朱熹德育思想的形成与南宋时期特定的社会背景密切相关。本部分主要从经济、政治、文化以及朱熹的家庭背景出发，阐释了朱熹德育思想形成的社会历史条件。第二部分，详细的梳理了朱熹德育思想形成的理论基础，进而对朱熹德育思想的基本内容进行概括分析。本部分从天理论、心性论、修养伦和格物致知论的角度分析了朱熹德育思想形成的理论基础，并将朱熹德育思想的基本内容归纳为：以“理”为基础的道德观；以“性”即“理”与“存天理，灭人欲”为中心的德育思想；德育须以“三纲五常”为中心；立学校须以“德教”为首；坚持“主敬”“格致”“克己”“力行”的德育理念等几个方面。第三部分，主要归纳了朱熹德育思想的基本特征及其德育原则。其基本特征主要包括：体现了“天命”加“气禀”的双重人性论为基础的道德起源说；体现了节欲主义的理欲观；突出了“讲明义理治天下”的道德教化思想。德育原则主要包括：为善去恶的原则；知行统一的原则；正面引导和规范禁防相结合的原则；立大志与从小事做起相结合的原则；德与智相结合的原则这五个方面。第四部分，对朱熹德育思想进行了较为客观的历史评价，并以此为出发点进一步探讨朱熹德育思想对高校思想政治教育的现实启示。朱熹德育思想中知行结合、德育为先的思想；注重优化思想政治教育环境，倡导环境育人的思想；以及朱熹肯定学生主体精神、重视学生的自我修养的思想，对创新和改善当前的高校思想政治教育具有重要的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Zhu Xi is a master of Song Ming's "Neo-Confucianism", a philosopher, thinker, and educator in the development history of Confucianism, who has inherited the past from the past, and is also a perfectionist of the Confucian moral education ideological system. He is on the basis of a complete and systematic Neo-Confucianism. Through the rich practice of moral education, a unique ideological system of moral education has been formed. This paper systematically combs and analyzes Zhu Xi's moral education thought, probes into the function of his moral education thought in modern moral education, excavates the essence of his moral education thought, and absorbs and draws lessons from the beneficial elements among them. It is of great significance to the ideological and political educators in modern colleges and universities. Based on the social and historical background of the formation of Zhu Xi's moral education thought, this paper combs the theoretical basis of Zhu Xi's moral education thought formation, and probes into the basic content of Zhu Xi's moral education thought. Then it sums up the basic characteristics of Zhu Xi's moral education thought and its moral education principle, and carries on the historical evaluation to Zhu Xi's moral education thought to a certain extent, finally analyzes and proves Zhu Xi's moral education thought to the modern university ideological and political education important enlightenment. The full text is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the social and historical background of Zhu Xi's moral education thought. Specific social and historical conditions are the cornerstone of Zhu Xi's moral education thought. Zhu Xi's moral education thought is closely related to the specific social background in the Southern Song Dynasty. Based on the background of economy, politics, culture and Zhu Xi's family, this part explains the social and historical conditions of Zhu Xi's moral education. In the second part, the author combs the theoretical foundation of Zhu Xi's moral education thought in detail, and then generalizes and analyzes the basic content of Zhu Xi's moral education thought. This part analyzes the theoretical basis of Zhu Xi's moral education thought from the angles of the theory of nature, the theory of mind, the theory of cultivation of ethics and the theory of the knowledge of the matter, and sums up the basic contents of Zhu Xi's moral education thought as follows: the moral view based on "reason"; The moral education thought centered on "nature", "reason" and "existence of nature and reason, killing people's desire", moral education should be centered on "three principles and five permanent principles", and "moral education" should be headed by "moral education" in the establishment of schools, and "moral education" should be the center of moral education. Adhere to the moral concept of "respect", "self-discipline" and "practice" and so on. The third part mainly summarizes the basic characteristics of Zhu Xi's moral education thought and its moral education principle. Its basic features include: the theory of moral origin based on the theory of "destiny" and "character of Qi"; the view of reason and desire of conservatism; and the moral education thought of "explaining the rule of justice and ruling the world", which embodies the theory of moral origin, which is based on the theory of "destiny" and "character of Qi", embodies the view of reason and desire of conservatism. The principle of moral education mainly includes five aspects: the principle of eliminating evil for good; the principle of unity of knowledge and action; the principle of combining positive guidance with norm against prevention; the principle of combining ambition with doing small things; and the principle of combining morality with wisdom. In the fourth part, the author makes an objective historical evaluation of Zhu Xi's moral education thought, and further probes into the realistic enlightenment of Zhu Xi's moral education thought to the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Zhu Xi's thought of combining knowledge with action and giving priority to moral education, paying attention to optimizing the environment of ideological and political education and advocating the thought of educating people in the environment; And Zhu Xi affirmed the students' spirit of subject and attached importance to the students' self-cultivation, which is of great significance to the innovation and improvement of the current ideological and political education in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D092

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