政体理论重述

发布时间：2019-03-18 13:38

【摘要】：与古代城邦社会相比,现代国家的结构已经空前复杂化,但是,现代人却用更加简化的政体二分法来认识现代国家。政体理论不但包括谁统治,还有包括代议制、三权分立、总统制—议会制、单一制—联邦制等如何统治问题上的"政权的安排";在方法论上,古典政体理论将不同的政体视为一个连续性的光谱,彼此很容易发生转换。但是,因为政治斗争的需要,这种基于事实的客观的多元论政体理论逐渐最终经历了两次蜕变而面目全非:基于事实的多元政体分类演变为基于观念之争的二元对立政体理论;以政体中的一个面向即以选举制为基础的民主面向代替长期积累起来的棱镜式混合制,理论上的误区最终导致很多转型国家的政治建设困境。政体理论需要正本清源,不但应该回到亚里士多德那里,还应该沿着政治与市场关系、新型国家-社会关系两个方向拓展,因为它们都构成了事实上的"政权的安排"。
[Abstract]:Compared with the ancient city-state society, the structure of the modern state has become more complicated than ever. However, modern people use a more simplified dichotomy of government to understand the modern state. The theory of government includes not only who ruled, but also the "arrangement of political power" on how to rule on representative system, separation of three powers, presidential system-parliamentary system, unitary system-federalism and so on. In methodology, classical polity theory regards different regimes as a spectrum of continuity, which is easy to change with each other. However, because of the need of political struggle, this kind of objective polity theory based on facts gradually experienced two transformations and became completely different: the classification of pluralistic polity based on fact evolved into the theory of dualistic opposites based on the dispute of ideas; The misconception in theory leads to the dilemma of political construction in many transition countries, which is oriented towards democracy based on election system, which replaces the long-accumulated prism-type hybrid system in the system of government. The theory of polity needs to be original, not only to Aristotle, but also along the two directions of political and market relations, new state-social relations, because they all constitute the de facto "regime arrangement".
【作者单位】：中共中央党校党建部;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目“国家理论的反思与重建”(10XNL015)
【分类号】：D034

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