洛克与中国：洛克“中国笔记”考辨

发布时间：2018-05-19 13:42

本文选题：约翰·洛克 + “中国笔记”　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,由于材料的缺乏,国内外学界均认为作为英国经验论重镇的约翰·洛克(John Locke)与中国没有关系,这使得洛克思想研究和17世纪中西文化交流史研究的链条中都缺失了非常重要的一环,即洛克对中国的认识。本文以英国牛津大学博得礼图书馆所藏“拉夫雷斯档案”中的洛克“中国笔记”手稿为突破口和核心内容,从不同角度整理、呈现和分析“中国笔记”的时代背景、结构内容、认识基础和知识来源,力图将“中国笔记”这一全新材料完整准确地呈现在世界面前,并在中西文化交流史的历史文化语境中,系统梳理洛克的“中国观”。本文立足洛克“中国笔记”的语文学研究,至于“中国笔记”与洛克哲学的关系以及对欧洲思想的影响不在本文讨论范围之内。全文共分七章、四大部分：第一部分是洛克“中国笔记”的时代背景研究,从“礼仪之争”、“启蒙时代”、欧洲“中国热”三个角度介绍洛克“中国观”产生的历史文化语境(第一章)；第二部分是洛克“中国笔记”的手稿研究,分别从文献来源、档案现状、原始手稿、手稿转写和手稿翻译几个角度对“中国笔记”进行全面系统的呈现(第二、三章),是本文的重点；第三部分是“中国笔记”的认识基础研究,分别从洛克书信和洛克著作两个方面梳理洛克在写“中国笔记”以前对中国的认识(第四、五章)；第四部分是“中国笔记”的知识来源研究,其中洛克藏书(第六章)是洛克“中国观”的主要知识来源,《华人礼仪史》(第七章)是洛克“中国笔记”的直接知识来源。通过对现有材料的分析,本文得出三个初步结论：(1)洛克“中国观”的核心是对中国宗教的看法,即“中国的统治阶级——士大夫们——都是纯粹的无神论者”洛克《人类理解论》(第四版)第一卷第四章第八点首次明确提出这一观点,并且在之后的“中国笔记”中进行了具体阐述。(2)洛克很早就对中国产生兴趣,他在20多岁时就曾在其未刊著作中提到中国的风俗；然而直到晚年洛克才开始专门系统地关注中国,1696年起中国开始频繁出现在洛克的书信当中,洛克藏书中有近半数出版于1697—1704年间,1699年出版的《人类理解论》(第四版)中首次明确论及中国的宗教,1702年左右洛克写下了专论中国宗教的“中国笔记”。(3)虽然“礼仪之争”的文献是洛克“中国观”的重要知识来源,《华人礼仪史》是“中国笔记”的直接知识来源,然而洛克关注的始终是对中国宗教和礼仪的事实性描述,并基于这些描述得出了自己的结论,对于天主教内部的“礼仪之争”本身,洛克始终表现出一种冷漠疏离的态度,这与其英国国教徒的宗教立场是分不开的。本文的创新性主要体现在三个方面：(1)新主题：洛克生平与思想研究是西方思想史领域的重要课题,大家频出,硕果累累,然而从未有人研究过洛克对中国的认识；在中西文化交流史领域,“启蒙时代欧洲的中国观”、“18世纪欧洲‘中国热”、“莱布尼茨与中国”等都是研究的热点,但从未有人研究过“洛克与中国”,本文是专门研究洛克“中国观”的首次尝试。(2)新材料：首先,洛克“中国笔记”手稿此前从未被公开发表或研究过,属于全新材料。其次,“中国笔记”的直接知识来源《华人礼仪史》是“礼仪之争”的重要文献,一直只有拉丁文本,本文首次公开了“中国笔记”索引中列出的《华人礼仪史》的相关章节,并且提供了这些章节的英文译稿,这为“礼仪之争”研究提供了全新的材料。(3)新写法：由于研究对象的特殊性,本文选择使用西方传统的语文学方法,着重对“中国笔记”手稿进行整理、辩读、转写、翻译和注释,并进一步在洛克的藏书、著作和书信中梳理“中国笔记”的认识基础和知识来源。本文首次将西方传统的语文学方法运用到比较文学和汉学研究领域,是在跨文化、跨学科研究背景下所进行的全新尝试。
[Abstract]:For a long time, because of the lack of materials, the scholars both at home and abroad believe that John Locke (John Locke), a British empiricist Town, has nothing to do with China. This makes Rock thought research and the study of the history of cultural exchange between China and the West in seventeenth Century missing a very important link, that is, Rock's understanding of China. This article is in Oxford, England. The manuscript of Rock's "Chinese Notes" in the "La rareus archives" in the library of the university is a breakthrough and core content. From different angles, it presents and analyzes the background, structure, knowledge and source of the "Chinese Notes", trying to present the new material of "Chinese note" completely and accurately. In front of the world, and in the historical and cultural context of the history of cultural exchanges between China and the west, Rock's "view of China" is systematically combed. This article is based on the Chinese study of Rock's Chinese notes, and the relationship between "Chinese Notes" and Rock's philosophy and the influence on European thought are not within the scope of this article. The full text is divided into seven chapters and four parts. The first part is the background study of Rock's "Chinese Notes". From the three angles of "the dispute of etiquette", "the age of enlightenment", and the "Chinese heat" in Europe, the historical and cultural context (Chapter 1) of Rock's "Chinese view" is introduced; the second part is the manuscript study of Rock's "Chinese Notes", from the sources of literature, the status of archives, and the original. The beginning manuscript, the manuscript transcript and the manuscript translation are the key points of this article in the comprehensive and systematic presentation of "Chinese Notes" (second, third chapters). The third part is the basic research of "Chinese Notes", and the understanding of Rock's understanding of China before writing "Chinese Notes" from two aspects of Rock's epistle and Rock's works ( The fourth, fifth chapter); the fourth part is the study of the source of knowledge of "Chinese Notes", of which Rock's collection of books (sixth) is the main source of knowledge of Rock's "Chinese view". The history of Chinese Etiquette (seventh chapter) is the direct source of Rock's "Chinese Notes". Through the analysis of the existing materials, this article draws three preliminary conclusions: (1) Rock The core of the "view of China" is the view of Chinese religion, that is, "the ruling class of China - the scholar officials - the pure atheists are pure atheists." Rock, the first volume and the fourth chapter of the first volume of human comprehension (Fourth Edition), made this point clear for the first time, and made a concrete exposition in the later "Chinese Notes". (2) Rock is very good. Interested in China early, he mentioned Chinese customs in his unpublished books at the age of more than 20; however, only in his late years Rock began to pay attention to China systematically. Since 1696, China began to appear frequently in Rock's letters. Nearly half of Rock's books were published in the 1697 - 1704 years, and the 1699 "human understanding". For the first time in the fourth edition, the Chinese religion was clearly discussed. In 1702, Rock wrote a "Chinese note" devoted to Chinese religion. (3) although the literature of "ritual controversy" is an important source of knowledge of Rock's "Chinese view", "Chinese etiquette history" is a direct source of knowledge of "Chinese Notes", but Rock has always been concerned with the middle school. The factual description of the religion and etiquette of the country, and based on these descriptions, draws its own conclusion. For the "ritual dispute" within the Catholic Church, Rock has always shown a kind of indifference and alienation, which is inseparable from the religious standpoint of the British. The innovation of this article is mainly embodied in three aspects: (1) the new theme: The study of Rock's life and thought is an important subject in the field of Western thought history. Everyone has been frequent and fruitful. However, there has never been a study of Rock's understanding of China. In the field of cultural exchange between China and the west, "the view of China in the Enlightenment of the age of Europe", "the heat of China in Europe in eighteenth Century", and "Leibniz and China" are the hot spots of research. But there has never been a study of "Rock and China", this article is the first attempt to study Rock's "view of China". (2) new materials: first, Rock's "Chinese note" manuscript has never been published or studied before, and it belongs to a new material. Secondly, the direct source of knowledge of Chinese notes, the Chinese history of etiquette, is a "dispute of etiquette". "The important literature of" has been only Latin. This article first disclosed the related chapters of the Chinese history of etiquette listed in the Chinese note index, and provided the English translation of these chapters. This provides a new material for the study of the "etiquette debate". (3) the new writing method: because of the particularity of the research object, this article chooses to use the West. The traditional Chinese method of Chinese studies, focusing on the compilation of the "Chinese Notes" manuscript, debating, transwriting, translating and annotating, and further combing the understanding foundation and knowledge sources of "Chinese Notes" in Rock's books, books and letters. This article first applies the traditional western literary methods to comparative literature and the field of Sinology. A new attempt has been made under the background of intercultural and interdisciplinary research.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K207.8

【共引文献】