唐宋农户生产、生活资料消费研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 16:05

本文选题：唐宋农户 + 生产资料　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：农民家庭生产、生活资料的消费问题,是唐宋社会经济领域不可忽视的重要内容,也是当时商品经济发展水平的显著标志。本文根据敦煌吐鲁番出土文书及传统文献,对唐宋农民家庭的生产、生活资料的消费情况进行了研究,试图勾勒出唐宋农户消费生活的概貌,分析不同时空以及农户中不同阶层的消费差异,探究唐宋农民消费演变的特点及其历史地位,归纳出唐宋大变革对农村社会的影响。一方面,重点论述唐宋农户的生产、生活消费概况。生产资料主要探讨劳动工具、肥料、农药、农田灌溉等方面的内容。生活资料内容也十分广泛,仅选取较有代表性的消费项目进行分析,衣食住是维持个体生存最基本的条件;在满足了温饱后,绝大多数农户还有宗教信仰、教育和医疗支出,这些属于较高层次的发展性消费。此外,在人生关键时刻,还有体现社会交往色彩、具备伦理性质的婚嫁丧葬消费。另一方面,对唐宋农户消费问题进行较深层次的探究。首先,着重分析唐宋农民家庭的消费水平,归纳得出:唐宋绝大多数农民消费水平较低,基本处于温饱边缘,饮食是他们最主要的消费项目,而且各项消费支出比重并不均衡。其次,从动态层面比较唐宋农户中不同阶层、不同时空的消费状况,更为直观地展示农民群体的消费差异。农民阶层中的小地主、富农处于小康消费水平阶段,他们已基本摆脱生存危机,其精神文化和社交性消费比重稳步上升;而贫农家庭则处于最低消费水平阶段,消费短缺的现象普遍存在。唐宋前期,社会总的产品数量并不富足,农民家庭消费水平不高,崇尚节俭性消费。唐宋后期,农民消费情况有所改善,发端于城市地区的奢侈性消费风潮逐渐向农村进行扩散。唐宋农户在消费领域出现的新动向,对当时的经济、文化等产生了重要影响,促使农民家庭的经营方式由单一的种植业向农业、小工商业兼营的模式转变,同时推动了农村消费市场和消费文化的形成。农民阶层是社会结构的主体部分,他们的生产、生活消费状况能够折射出当时的社会面貌。
[Abstract]:The problem of peasant household production and consumption of means of subsistence is an important content in the social and economic fields of Tang and Song dynasties, and it is also a remarkable symbol of the development level of commodity economy at that time. Based on the documents unearthed from Dunhuang and Turpan and traditional documents, this paper studies the production and consumption of living materials of peasant families in Tang and Song dynasties, and tries to outline the general picture of the consumption life of farmers in Tang and Song dynasties. This paper analyzes the differences of consumption between different time and space and among farmers, probes into the characteristics and historical status of the evolution of farmers' consumption in Tang and Song dynasties, and concludes the influence of the great changes of Tang and Song dynasties on rural society. On the one hand, focus on the production and consumption of farmers in Tang and Song dynasties. Means of production mainly discusses the labor tools, fertilizers, pesticides, farmland irrigation and other aspects of the content. The content of the means of subsistence is also very extensive. Only the more representative items of consumption are selected for analysis. Food, clothing and housing are the most basic conditions for maintaining an individual's survival. After food and clothing are satisfied, the vast majority of farmers still have religious beliefs, education, and medical expenses. These are higher levels of developmental consumption. In addition, at the critical moment of life, there is also a sense of social interaction, ethical nature of marriage and funeral consumption. On the other hand, the consumption of peasant households in Tang and Song dynasties is deeply explored. First of all, the author analyzes the consumption level of peasant families in Tang and Song dynasties, and concludes that the consumption level of most farmers in Tang and Song dynasties is low, they are on the edge of food and clothing, diet is their main consumption item, and the proportion of consumption expenditure is not balanced. Secondly, the consumption situation of different strata and different time and space in Tang and Song Dynasty is compared from the dynamic level, and the consumption difference of peasant group is more intuitively displayed. The small landlords in the peasant class and the rich peasants are at the stage of well-off consumption. They have basically escaped from the crisis of survival, and their proportion of spiritual, cultural and social consumption has steadily increased, while the poor peasant families are at the lowest level of consumption. There is a widespread shortage of consumption. In the early Tang and Song dynasties, the total number of social products was not abundant, the consumption level of peasant households was not high, and frugal consumption was advocated. In the late Tang and Song dynasties, the consumption of farmers improved, and the luxury consumption trend, which originated in urban areas, gradually spread to the countryside. The new trend of peasant households in the field of consumption in Tang and Song dynasties had an important influence on the economy and culture at that time, and promoted the mode of management of farmers' families from a single planting industry to a pattern of agriculture and small industrial and commercial management. At the same time, promote the formation of rural consumer market and consumption culture. The peasant stratum is the main part of the social structure. Their production and consumption can reflect the social outlook at that time.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K242;K241

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