动植物与秦汉生态环境研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 17:41

【摘要】：伴随着工业革命的开展，全球性的环境污染和生态失衡威胁着人类的生存，迫使人类进行反思。研究历史上的生态环境问题的必要性即在于此。动植物是生态系统里最活跃的内容，从环境史的角度出发，探讨秦汉时期动植物的分布状况、动植物与人类的关系以及人类活动对动植物的影响，对当前的生态环境研究颇有参考和借鉴意义。秦汉时期，在北方的平原地区，由于人类的活动，森林已损毁殆尽，只有宫廷苑囿和帝王陵墓还维持着小块林区。北方地区的森林主要集中在山区。居延地区的生态环境本身比较脆弱，由于军事原因，统治者大量移民戍边，导致该地区的生态环境破坏更加严重。南方地区已有了一定的开发，，但是人口密度小，人类活动对动植物的影响比北方小得多。秦汉时期的人们已有了护林、育林观念，这对植被再生有很重要的作用，反映了人们尤其是统治者生态意识的提高。秦汉时期野生动物的生存空间在缩小。通过对野象、野犀、猩猩、虎、鹿、野马、鹦鹉、孔雀、马来鳄、扬子鳄等野生动物分布范围的研究，可推断当时的生态环境状况及其与人类的关系。畜牧业在中原王朝的边境地区和一些少数民族地区发展得比较充分，主要表现为大规模的马牛羊养殖。渔业生产以近海捕捞和陂池养殖为主，人们对鱼类品种的认识和食用范围在扩大。帝王苑囿、陵墓和私人园林客观上起到了对动植物的保护作用。根据该时期一些农作物（粟、麦、菽、水稻等）种植范围的变化、一些经济作物的分布和一些有代表性野生动物主要活动区域的变化，我们可以推知当时气候的变化。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial revolution, global environmental pollution and ecological imbalance threaten the survival of human beings, forcing human beings to reflect. The necessity of studying ecological environmental problems in history lies in this. Animals and plants are the most active contents in the ecosystem. From the perspective of environmental history, this paper discusses the distribution of animals and plants in the Qin and Han dynasties, the relationship between animals and plants and human beings, and the influence of human activities on animals and plants. For the current study of the ecological environment quite reference and reference significance. During the Qin and Han dynasties, in the northern plain area, the forest had been destroyed due to human activities, only the palace park and the imperial mausoleum maintained small forest areas. The forests in the north are mainly concentrated in the mountains. The ecological environment of Juyan region itself is relatively fragile, because of military reasons, the rulers emigrate and defend the border, resulting in the ecological environment damage in this area is more serious. The southern region has been developed, but the population density is small, and the impact of human activities on animals and plants is much smaller than in the north. During the Qin and Han dynasties, people had the concept of forest protection and forest cultivation, which played an important role in vegetation regeneration, and reflected the improvement of ecological consciousness of people, especially the rulers. The living space of wild animals was shrinking in Qin and Han dynasties. By studying the distribution of wild animals such as elephants, rhinoceros, orangutans, tigers, deer, wild horses, parrots, peacocks, Malay alligators and alligators, we can infer the ecological environment and its relationship with human beings at that time. Animal husbandry developed quite well in the border areas of the Central Plains Dynasty and some minority areas, mainly manifested in the large-scale breeding of horses, cattle and sheep. The fishery production is mainly inshore fishing and ponds culture, and people's understanding and edible range of fish species are expanding. The imperial garden, mausoleum and private gardens have objectively played a role in the protection of animals and plants. According to the change of planting range of some crops (millet, wheat, bean, rice, etc.), the distribution of some cash crops and the change of some representative wildlife's main active regions, we can infer the change of climate at that time.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X17;K232

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