当代俄罗斯教育体系中的东正教文化植入

发布时间：2018-01-18 23:54

本文关键词： 东正教东正教文化当代俄罗斯教育体系　出处：《四川外语学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在俄罗斯历史上，东正教曾长期作为主导思想，而今天东正教对俄罗斯人民思想和行为的影响仍然不可小觑。因此，没有东正教文化知识是不能真正了解俄罗斯和俄罗斯人民的。近年来，俄罗斯东正教教会取得了长足的发展，尤其是在教育领域。除了发展宗教教育外，在俄罗斯政府的支持下，俄罗斯东正教教会也致力于在当代俄罗斯世俗教育体系中普及东正教文化。而在教育体系中植入东正教文化正是东正教教会在当代俄罗斯复兴的一个重要体现。东正教进入俄罗斯已有1000多年，它的历史几乎与俄罗斯国家的历史一样悠久。并且俄罗斯的教育是在东正教的传播过程中产生的。罗斯受洗促使了文字的出现，识字的普及，文学作品及教育的产生。在10-17世纪时，修道院和教堂不仅是教育的中心，同时也是文化的中心。十月革命后，政府出台了关于政教分离及教会与中学分离的法令。罗斯受洗一千周年（1988年）成为了苏联时期国家的教会政策的转折点。苏联解体后由于精神空虚以及与东正教的密切的历史联系，很多俄罗斯人开始转向东正教以寻求精神支持。而俄罗斯政府由于需要得到俄罗斯东正教教会的支持，与俄罗斯东正教教会建立起了合作关系。此外，，1997年政府出台了《关于信仰自由和宗教组织》法。在这部法律中政府承认了东正教在俄罗斯历史上，在俄罗斯精神及俄罗斯文化形成及发展中的特殊地位。自此俄罗斯东正教教会开始了大规模的复兴活动。普京上台后，为了稳定社会，他加强了与俄罗斯东正教教会的合作，并肯定了教会在民族精神及道德培育方面的重要作用。2004年俄罗斯东正教教会获得了完全的自治，这为东正教会的进一步发展创造了有利的条件。用普京的话说，在俄罗斯，虽然教会是与国家分离的，但在俄罗斯人民的心中它们是一体的。上世纪90年代初，由于苏联解体和对信仰的需求，中学开始开设《东正教文化基础》课程。之后俄罗斯政府还把全俄东正教文化基础知识奥林匹克大赛和《宗教文化及世俗道德基础》课程引入普通教育中。《宗教文化及世俗道德基础》课由6个部分组成，其中之一就是《东正教文化基础》。除此之外，20世纪90年代的民主改革推动了俄罗斯大学里神学教育的出现。在许多高等学校里不仅设立了神学专业，还开办了神学教研室和神学系。迄今为止，在俄罗斯国立及非国立大学中已有45个神学系或神学教研室，其中38个是东正教神学的。然而，至今俄罗斯神学专业尚未被纳入高等教育认证委员会的学科专业名单之列。 20世纪90年代的改革以及《关于信仰自由和宗教组织》法的颁布推动了附属于高校教堂的复兴。如今俄罗斯共有超过70个附属于高校的东正教教堂，2004年还成立了附属于学校的东正教教堂联合会。但是这些高校教堂的法律地位至今仍未被确定。而神学专业和其它专业之间的相互渗透还使得在高等教育中出现了许多的交叉专业。 2010年在俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫访华期间曾赠送给胡锦涛主席关于东正教在中国的发展的书籍。这证明东正教已经成为了俄罗斯的象征之一，走上了国际政治舞台。本论文研究了当代俄罗斯教育体系中的东正教文化的发展，旨在揭示当代俄罗斯普通教育及高等教育体系中东正教文化发展的目的和意义。
[Abstract]:In the history of Russia, the Orthodox Church has long been the dominant ideology, and the influence of the Russian people today orthodox ideas and behavior is still underestimated. Therefore, no orthodox cultural knowledge is not really understand the people of Russia and Russia. In recent years, the Russian Orthodox Church has achieved great development, especially in the field of education. In addition to the development of religion education, in support of the Russian government, the Russian Orthodox Church is also committed to popularizing orthodox culture in Contemporary Russian secular education system. In the education system in the East orthodox culture is an important embodiment of the Orthodox Church in Contemporary Russian revival.
Enter the Russian Orthodox Church has 1000 years of history, it is almost the same as Russia. Russia has a long history and education is produced in the communication process. In orthodox baptism Ross contributed to the emergence of language, literacy popularization, literary works and education. In the 10-17 century, the monastery and the church is not only education the center is also the center of culture. After the October revolution, the government introduced about the separation of church and state and church and school separation law. The baptism of Ross 1000th anniversary (1988) was a turning point of the Soviet era national church policy.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Orthodox Church because spiritual emptiness and close relations in history, many Russians began to turn to seek spiritual support. The orthodox and Russian government due to the need to get the support of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church established a partnership. In addition, in 1997 the government issued a "on freedom of religion and religious organizations". In this law the government recognized the Orthodox Church in Russia's history, special status in Russia and the Russian cultural spirit in the formation and development. Since then, the Russian Orthodox Church began a large-scale revival.
After Putin came to power, in order to stabilize the society, he strengthened the cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church, and affirmed the church in the national spirit and moral cultivation of the important role of.2004 in the Russian Orthodox Church was completely autonomous, which creates favorable conditions for the further development of the Orthodox Church. In the words of Putin, in Russia. Although the church and state separation, but in Russia the hearts of the people they are one.
The last century at the beginning of 90s, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the demand of faith, high school began to offer orthodox culture based curriculum. < > after the Russian government also put all Russian Orthodox culture basic knowledge of Olympic competition and religious culture and secular moral foundation < > curriculum in general education. The introduction of religious culture and secular moral foundation course consists of 6 > part one is "orthodox cultural foundation.
In addition, the 1990s democratic reform promoted the emergence of Russian University theological education. In many colleges and universities set up professional theological, also started the Department of Theology and theology department. So far, in the Russian national and non National University has 45 Faculty of theology or theology department, which is 38 orthodox theology. However, Russia has not yet been incorporated into the professional theological disciplines list of the Council for higher education accreditation list.
The 1990s reform and of freedom of religion and religious organizations > law promote the Renaissance attached to the University Church. Russia is now a total of more than 70 colleges and universities attached to the Orthodox Church, 2004 also set up a school attached to the Orthodox Church Federation. But the legal status of these colleges and universities of the church has not yet been determined. Interaction between theology and other professional also makes higher education appear cross professional many.
During the Russian President Medvedev's visit to China in 2010, he presented to President Hu Jintao about the development of the Orthodox Church in China. This proves that the Orthodox Church has become one of the symbols of Russia and has embarked on the international political arena.
This paper studies the development of contemporary education system in the Russian Orthodox culture, to reveal the purpose and significance of the general education of Contemporary Russian higher education system and the Middle East orthodox cultural development.

【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B976.2

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