人身侵权债权在破产清偿中的顺位研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 02:33

本文关键词：人身侵权债权在破产清偿中的顺位研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据破产法的规定,企业进入破产程序就意味着其已失去了清偿到期债务的能力,或资产不足以清偿全部债务,或已明显缺乏清偿能力。此时,债权人的债务能否得到偿付取决于其债权是否具备优先受偿性以及该债权优先受偿的效力大小。从我国破产法出台后,人身侵权债权一直作为普通债权最后清偿,这一顺位未曾改变过。但是随着时代的变化,市场经济日益发展,立法过程中对人文关怀的逐渐侧重,尤其是日前人身侵权案件数量逐渐上升,破产法对人身侵权债权赔偿顺位的规定越来越受到各方的质疑。在人身侵权案件中,债权人在身体健康受到侵害的同时,还需支付一笔高额的医疗费用。因此人身侵权债权人的债务能否得以偿付,不仅关系到债权人的生命健康,还关系到债权人及其家人的基本生活保障,甚至会影响到社会秩序的稳定。因此,笔者认为,人身侵权债权与以合同债权为代表的普通债权存在根本性的区别,将二者置于同一清偿顺位是不合理的。因此,在人身侵权案件日益增加、尤其是大规模侵权案件层出的今天,是否应赋予人身侵权债权人优先受偿权、赋予其多大程度的优先权以及如何平衡其与担保债权人、劳动债权人以及国家的利益是目前破产法立法与实践中面对的难题。本文采用比较分析法、案例分析法和历史分析法对人身侵权债权在破产清偿中的顺位问题进行了探究。本文除引言和结语外共分为四部分:第一部分,主要研究了破产清偿顺位的基本问题。首先确定了破产清偿顺位的基本概念与其设定的意义;其次通过对外国破产法中清偿顺位问题的研究对比,指出虽然目前少有国家明确规定人身侵权债权在破产清偿中具有优先受偿地位,但给予人身侵权债权一定的保护是目前的立法趋势;最后介绍了我国破产清偿顺位的立法发展问题。第二部分,对我国现行人身侵权债权的清偿顺位进行介绍与分析。首先介绍破产法背景下人身侵权债权的概念及特征,然后介绍我国关于人身侵权债权清偿顺位的规定,最后指出我国现行人身侵权债权清偿顺位的不足。第三部分,对人身侵权债权优先受偿的必要性进行理论分析。从破产优先权的立法基础入手,结合人身侵权债权优先受偿的必要性,并借鉴美国理论界为解决此问题提出的方案,以求对我国破产清偿顺位有所启示。第四部分,通过对人身侵权债权与担保债权、破产费用和共益债务、劳动债权及税收债权的比较分析,确定人身侵权债权的具体清偿位次以及各债权需优先受偿的范围,对破产清偿顺位进行重新规划。综上,本文要分析和解决的问题是,通过对人身侵权债权的界定以及与其他债权的比较来探讨和解决如何界定人身侵权债权优先权的问题,以期在破产清偿中正确定位人身侵权债权,以达到保护人身侵权债权人的目的。
[Abstract]:Under the insolvency law, the entry of an enterprise into insolvency proceedings means that it has lost its capacity to pay its debts due, or that the assets are not sufficient to pay off all the debts, or that they have become manifestly insolvent. Whether the creditor's debt can be paid depends on whether the creditor's debt has the priority of repayment and the effectiveness of the creditor's debt. Personal tort claims have been as the final settlement of ordinary claims, this order has not changed. But with the change of the times, the market economy is developing day by day, the gradual focus on humanistic care in the legislative process. In particular, the number of personal infringement cases gradually rose before the day, the bankruptcy law on the personal tort claims compensation order provisions are increasingly questioned by all parties. In personal infringement cases. At the same time, the creditor has to pay a high amount of medical expenses. Therefore, whether the creditor's debt can be paid is not only related to the life and health of the creditor. It also concerns the basic living security of creditors and their families, and even affects the stability of social order. Therefore, the author believes that there is a fundamental difference between personal tort claims and ordinary claims represented by contract claims. It is unreasonable to put the two in the same order of settlement. Therefore, in the increasing number of cases of personal infringement, especially in the mass tort cases, whether or not to give priority to the right of payment of personal tort creditors. The degree of priority given to it and how to balance its interests with secured creditors, labor creditors and countries is a difficult problem in the current legislation and practice of bankruptcy law. Case analysis and historical analysis of personal tort claims in bankruptcy settlement in the order of the problem. This article in addition to the introduction and conclusion is divided into four parts: the first part. This paper mainly studies the basic problems of bankruptcy liquidation sequence. Firstly, it determines the basic concept of bankruptcy liquidation order and its significance. Secondly, through the comparative study of the foreign bankruptcy law, the author points out that although few countries clearly stipulate that personal tort claims have priority in bankruptcy liquidation. However, it is the current legislative trend to give certain protection to personal tort creditor's rights. Finally, the author introduces the legislative development of bankruptcy liquidation in China. The second part. This paper introduces and analyzes the order of liquidation of the current personal tort creditor's rights in our country. Firstly, it introduces the concept and characteristics of personal tort creditor's rights under the background of bankruptcy law, and then introduces our country's stipulation on the order of personal tort creditor's rights settlement. Finally, the author points out the deficiency of the current personal tort creditor's right in our country. The third part is the theoretical analysis of the necessity of the priority of personal tort creditor's rights, starting with the legislative basis of bankruptcy priority. Combining with the necessity of priority payment of personal tort creditor's rights, and drawing lessons from the plan put forward by the American theoretical circle to solve this problem, in order to have some enlightenment to our country's bankruptcy liquidation order. 4th part. Through the comparative analysis of the personal tort creditor's right and the guarantee creditor's right, the bankruptcy expense and the common benefit debt, the labor creditor's right and the tax creditor's right, determine the specific settlement order of the personal tort creditor's right and the scope of each creditor's right to be repaid first. In summary, the problem to be analyzed and solved in this paper is. Through the definition of personal tort claims and the comparison with other claims to explore and solve how to define the priority of personal tort claims in order to correctly position personal tort claims in bankruptcy settlement. In order to achieve the purpose of protecting the obligee of personal infringement.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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