我国家事诉讼程序构建研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 13:14

本文关键词：我国家事诉讼程序构建研究　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：家事案件是在家庭身份关系基础上派生出的各种矛盾纠纷,家庭纠纷自然也被视为民事纠纷的一个重要组成部分。但人们很少会探究家事案件的内在属性,也很少关注家庭矛盾对家庭关系乃至社会稳定的影响,对其是否适用现行民事诉讼法或能否设置专门地诉讼程序以应对这类案件也不曾做出过细致地思考。随着经济社会的不断发展,面对家事案件大爆发的社会现状,家事诉讼程序作为专门处理家事案件的专业化审理程序和完善民事诉讼法体系的重要一环,逐渐受到人们的重视。纵观两大法系的主要国家和地区对家事诉讼程序的法律规定,不仅皆存在针对家事案件的专门立法和审判机构,并且大多设置了特别规定用来完善家事诉讼程序。例如,日本在传统地家族观念和遵循职权主义原则的影响下,设置了《人事诉讼法》,并建立家庭法院、配备专业化地审判法官审理家事案件。而英美法系的代表美国,则受本国双轨制的司法制度和判例法的影响,只在联邦和各州的法律条款中散落规定处理家事案件的法律规则,并随着社会矛盾的激化,大力倡导调解结案和检察官介入家事案件的特别规定,综合处理家庭纠纷。对于这些家事法律规定的域外经验,在我国构建家事诉讼程序的过程中,是值得借鉴的。随着家事矛盾数量的不断激增,家事诉讼程序的设置与否,关涉到家庭成员的合法权益能否得到有效保障,关涉到家庭和睦关系和社会公共利益能否得到有效维护,关涉到民事诉讼法专业化地发展道路能否得到有效把握。面对国内家事立法和家事审判制度缺失的局面,若要更好地设计我国的家事诉讼程序,就必须从“立法”和“司法”两方面对其进行必要地探究。由于现行民事诉讼法推崇当事入主义原则,导致在很多家事案件中把责任推向当事人,法官完全消极地应对审判过程,再加上当事人诉权空间的有限性,法律不能最大化地保障其合法权益。而遵循职权主义原则则能很好地促进家事案件的公正裁判,维护家庭社会利益。我国的基层法院审判任务逐年加重,且法官往往既忙于调解又忙于审判,对家事纠纷这种专业性较强的案件又缺乏专业知识予于应对,在很大程度上不能正确有效地解决家事纠纷所触及的核心矛盾。若在家事诉讼程序中设置专门法院和专业化地家事审判人员,不仅能大大分流基层法院的审判压力,还能促进家庭矛盾得到科学、合理地解决。同时,为避免各方诉讼对立使得本已脆弱地家庭关系再次受到伤害,为完善民事诉讼法判决执行对当事人权益的保障,重视调解制度在家事案件中的灵活适用和建构家事诉讼程序中的行为保全制度等规定,也是在具体设计中需要考虑的重要内容。
[Abstract]:Family cases are derived from the family identity relationship of various contradictions and disputes, family disputes are naturally regarded as an important part of civil disputes, but people rarely explore the inherent attributes of family cases. Little attention is paid to the impact of family conflicts on family relations and even social stability. Whether it is applicable to the existing civil procedure law or whether to set up a special procedure to deal with such cases has not been carefully considered. With the economic and social development. In the face of the social situation of the outbreak of family cases, family litigation procedure, as an important part of specialized handling of family cases and the improvement of the system of civil procedure law, has gradually been attached importance to by people. Throughout the two major legal system of the main countries and regions of the family procedure law provisions, not only exist for family cases of special legislation and judicial institutions. For example, under the influence of traditional family concept and the principle of authority, Japan has set up the personnel procedure Law and established the Family Court. The United States, the representative of the Anglo-American legal system, is influenced by its dual judicial system and case law. Only in the federal and state provisions of the law scattered provisions on the handling of family cases, and with the intensification of social contradictions, strongly advocated mediation to close and prosecutors involved in family cases special provisions. Comprehensive handling of family disputes. For the extraterritorial experience of these family laws and regulations, it is worth learning from in the process of constructing the family litigation procedure in our country. With the rapid increase in the number of family conflicts, the establishment of family proceedings is related to whether the legitimate rights and interests of family members can be effectively protected. Related to the family harmony and social public interest can be effectively maintained. It concerns whether the way of professional development of civil procedure law can be effectively grasped. In the face of the lack of domestic family legislation and family trial system, if we want to better design the family procedure of our country. We must probe into it from the aspects of legislation and judicature. As the current civil procedure law advocates the principle of "entry of the parties", which leads to the responsibility of the parties in many family cases, judges completely passively deal with the trial process, plus the limited space of the litigants' right of action. The law can not maximize the protection of its legitimate rights and interests. While following the principle of authority can promote the fair adjudication of family cases and safeguard the interests of the family society. The judicial tasks of the grass-roots courts in China are increasing year by year. And judges are often busy with mediation and trial, family disputes such as professional cases and lack of professional knowledge to deal with. To a large extent, it can not solve the core contradictions of family disputes correctly and effectively. If we set up special courts and specialized family judges in the family proceedings. Not only can the trial pressure of the grass-roots court be greatly diffused, but also can promote the family contradiction to be solved scientifically and reasonably. At the same time, in order to avoid the litigious confrontation between the parties, the already fragile family relationship will be injured again. In order to perfect the protection of the litigants' rights and interests in the execution of the judgment in the civil procedure law, we should attach great importance to the flexible application of the mediation system in the family cases and the construction of the act preservation system in the family proceedings. Also is in the concrete design need to consider the important content.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.1

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