马克思生存论视角下思想政治教育内容研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 04:08

本文关键词：马克思生存论视角下思想政治教育内容研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人的生存离不开人观念性地把握这个世界,因为观念性地把握这个世界是人认识这个世界的基本方式之一。思想政治教育作为促进人生存和发展的一项教育实践活动,是通过改造人的主观世界来实现这一目的的。也就是说思想政治教育是向教育对象传授思想观念来实现促进人的生存和发展,而这些思想观念应该是什么样的内容,这是思想政治教育内容所必须要涉及到的。马克思生存论立足于人的实践基础之上,将人的生存视为人的实践活动过程的不断展开。按照马克思生存论的观点,人的生存集中表现在人与自然、人与社会和人与自身三个维度,人生存的过程也就是人处理人同自然界、人同社会和人同自身关系的过程,正是在处理这几对关系的过程中人实现着自身的生存和发展。也就是说人要观念性地把握这个世界必定离不开观念性的把握这三个维度的关系。所以思想政治教育内容也应该从这三层关系下来考虑,所谓马克思生存论视角下思想政治教育内容的研究就是从人与自然、人与社会和人与自身三个维度来考察思想政治教育内容的构成。第一部分,对马克思生存论视角下思想政治教育内容的科学把握以及必要性和重要性考察。马克思生存论包含着丰富的关于人生存和发展的思想,对考察人的生存和发展有着重要的指导意义,马克思生存论三个维度为思想政治教育内容的选择和组织提供了一个新视角。可以看到,一方面,现实的人是马克思生存论与思想政治教育内容二者共同的研究起点;思想政治教育本质、价值和目的要求思想政治教育内容要促进人的生存和发展;思想政治教育作为人的生存活动参与到人的生存中也要求其内容要关注到的人的生存和发展。另一方面,从马克思生存论视角研究思想政治教育内容也夯实了思想政治教育的学科属性;进一步深化了思想政治政治教育内容的研究;也是思想政治教育内容人文关怀的体现。基于此可以看到从马克思生存论视角下研究思想政治教育内容是非常必要的。第二部分,从马克思生存论视角下考察人的生存,其思想主要表现为以下几个方面。首先,从马克思生存论人与自然的关系来看。人虽然是从自然界中产生但又不仅仅只是停留于自然界之中,它是从自然界中跃升出来的“有意识地存在物”,具有自然属性的同时也是有意识、有思想的存在物。其次,从马克思生存论人与社会的关系来看。人是处于现实社会生活中的人,人类社会为其提供各种生存和发展的资料,人具有社会性的一面。社会性一方面表现为人是人类社会中一员,他必须要习得这个社会的基本关系;另一方面,人的社会性还表现在人还是处于特定国家之中的人,从这个角度出发人必须建立起同这个国家的特定关系,这些社会关系建立的过程其实就是人社会化的过程。再次,从马克思生存论人与自身的关系来看。一方面,人首先是生命体的存在,其生命的存在是人其他一切活动得以开展的前提;另一方面,因为人是有意识地存在,所以人还是精神性的存在物,他离不开对精神的需要,本身也生产精神产品,具有精神性。第三部分,人自然属性的一面要求人的生存和发展必须同自然保持内在的平衡,不能以牺牲自然界作为人生存和发展的基础,也就是要求人与自然界的和谐共生。所以从这样的角度出发可以将生态文明的教育内容即生态意识、生态道德和生态信念纳入到思想政治教育内容的框架体系内。思想政治教育内容要关注人的生存和发展,从人与社会关系来看就是要求思想政治教育内容要满足人的社会化。所以就必须将社会基础层面的教育内容,即政治教育、法律教育和道德教育作为思想政治教育内容的构成部分。之外,也必须将国家主导层面的教育内容,即思想理论教育和理想信念教育作为思想政治教育的内容。所以就要将生命关怀的教育内容即生命宝贵的教育、生命意志的教育和生命意义的教育以及精神关怀的教育内容即心理健康的教育、道德信仰的教育和精神信念的教育作为思想政治教育的内容。第四部分,人作为“有意识”的存在物,在意识的指导下进行着活动,从这个角度讲,思想政治教育内容内必须要包含促进人思想生成的内容。因为马克思的世界观、人生观和价值观是作为人们认识这个世界所必须具备的基本思想,所以必须将此纳入思想政治教育的内容之中。这样的教育内容可以促进人的类本质形成的同时也有利于实现人与自然界的和谐共生,这也是马克思生存论人与自然维度下人的生存要求的体现。因为这两个层面的内容实际上是为人在这个社会中生存和发展提供了基本的外在准则和内在要求,所以这样的教育内容可以促进人的社会本质的形成和人与社会的和谐发展,这也是马克思生存论人与社会维度下人的生存要求的体现。由此,思想政治教育内容还需要关注到人生命的存在,关注人生命的意义;其次是要满足人精神发展的需要,在满足人的精神需要的基础上促进人主体本质的形成。这样的教育内容可以促进人的主体本质的形成和人与自身矛盾关系的和解,这是马克思生存论人与自身维度下人生存意义的体现。
[Abstract]:The survival of people cannot do without the concept of understanding the world, because of the concept of grasping the world is one of the basic ways of understanding the world. Ideological and political education is to promote human survival and development of an educational practice, through the transformation of people's subjective world to achieve this purpose. That is to say the ideological and political education is to teach the concept to the education object to promote people's survival and development, and these ideas should be what kind of content, it is necessary to relate to the content of the ideological and political education. On the basis of the practice of Marx's existentialism based on the human existence as a human practice the process of expanding. According to Marx's existential view of human existence focuses on man and nature, man and society and man and its three dimensions, the process of life is the same person With the process of human nature, society and people with their relationship, it is in the process of dealing with several pairs of relations in the people to achieve their own survival and development. That is to say people should grasp the concept of the world certainly cannot do without grasping the idea of the three dimensions. So the content of Ideological and political education should also be considered down from the three relationships, research on the content of Ideological and political education from the perspective of the so-called Marx life is from man and nature, man and society and man and constitute the three dimensions to examine the contents of the ideological and political education. The first part of Marx's existential content of Ideological and political education from the perspective of scientific understanding and the necessity and importance of study. Marx survival theory contains rich thoughts about human survival and development, has important guiding significance to the survival and development of people, Marx on the existence of three dimensions The selection and organization of the content of Ideological and political education provides a new perspective. We can see that on the one hand, the real man is content of Marx's theory of existence and the ideological and political education of the two common starting point; the essence of Ideological and political education, value and purpose of Ideological and political education content to promote the survival and development of people; the survival and development of the ideological and political education as the survival activities to human survival also requires that its content should pay attention to the people. On the other hand, from the perspective of research on the ideological and political education but also reinforce the discipline of ideological and political education from Marx survive; further deepen the study of the contents of Ideological and political education of politics; also the contents of Ideological and political education of humanistic care. Based on this can be seen from the perspective of Marx's existential content of Ideological and political education is very necessary. The second part, from the Investigate the survival of Marx's existential perspective, the idea is as follows. First, on the relationship between man and nature from Marx to survive. People are not only just stay in nature from nature, it is jumped from the nature of "conscious existence" at the same time, has the nature of conscious existence, thinking. Secondly, from Marx on the existence of the relationship between man and society. People are the people in the real social life, survival and development of human society to provide a variety of information to the side, people with social. On the one hand the social performance who is a member of the human society, he must have the basic relationship between the acquisition of the society; on the other hand, human society is also reflected in the people in a particular country or among the people, from this point of view must be established From the specific relationship with the state, process of establishing these social relations is actually a process of socialization. Thirdly, from Marx on the existence of the relationship between people and themselves. On the one hand, the first is the existence, the existence of life is all other activities to be carried out on the premise; on the other hand, because the person is conscious, so people or spiritual existence, he cannot do without the need for the spirit itself is the spirit of the production of products, with the spirit of human nature. In the third part, a requirement of human survival and development must maintain internal balance with nature, not at the expense of nature as the basic human survival and development, also is the request of human and nature harmony. So from this point of view can be the content of education of ecological civilization is the ecological consciousness, ecological ethics and ecological belief into thought The framework of system of political education content. The content of Ideological and political education should pay attention to the survival and development of people, from the relationship between man and society is the requirement of Ideological and political education to meet the society. So it must be the education content of social basic level, which is part of the political education, legal education and moral education as the ideological content political education. Besides, the content of education must also be national leading level, namely, ideological education and the ideal faith education as the content of Ideological and political education. So we should put the teaching of life care is a valuable life education, life education content will education and the meaning of life education and mental or psychological care health education, moral belief education and spiritual education as the content of Ideological and political education. The fourth part, as the "existence of consciousness", In under the guidance of activities, from this perspective, we must promote the ideological content generated contains the contents of Ideological and political education. Because of Marx's world outlook, outlook on life and values as people understand the basic idea must have in this world, so this must be included in the content of Ideological and Political Education the content of education. This can promote the formation of the essence and also to achieve the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, Marx this is the existential dimension of man and nature of human existence. Because of this, the requirements of the two aspects of the content is actually provided external basic principles and internal requirements for people living in the development of society and education, so that can promote the harmonious development of the formation of the social nature of man and man and society, this is Marx on the existence of man and society The requirements of the dimensions of human survival will. Thus, the contents of Ideological and political education also need to pay attention to people's life, people pay attention to the meaning of life; second is the need to satisfy the spiritual development, meet the spiritual needs of the people on promoting the formation of subjective essence of educational content. This can promote the formation and the subject nature of human being and its contradiction between reconciliation, which is reflected in Marx's existential dimensions and their human existence significance.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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