我国探望权制度存在的问题及完善对策

发布时间：2018-03-18 21:39

本文选题：探望权　切入点：亲权　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：探望权起源于英美法系,是指离婚后不与子女共同居住的父母一方所享有的与子女进行见面、交流的权利。探望权的设立既满足了父母关爱子女的天性,又填补了子女成长过程中的情感缺失,是婚姻制度中不可或缺的重要部分。我国在2001年修订的《婚姻法》及《婚姻法司法解释一》中增加了探望权制度,为离婚后亲子之间情感的继续提供了法律保障。然而,随着经济社会的发展,我国的离婚率不断提高,探望权制度的相关规定已越来越难以适应司法实践的需要。本文试图从理论角度对探望权的涵义重新作出解读,从立法设计和司法实践两个层面探讨我国探望权制度存在的问题及不足,借鉴域外的有关规定,并据此提出针对性地完善对策。本文首先通过司法实践中的两个具体案例引发思考并提出问题,表明随着社会的发展,婚姻关系中分居、人工生育子女等特殊情况的出现日益增多,探望权之规定已难以满足司法的需要,引发我们对探望权立法及司法的现状更深入的思考。其次,从探望权的行使条件、功能、权利性质及历史沿革等角度对探望权的涵义进行解读,指出探望权与其说是父母对子女的一项权利,更应当体现为父母及祖父母等特殊关系人保护未成年子女健康成长的一种义务。再次,从立法和司法两个层面对我国探望权的现状进行分析,发现我国探望权制度存在儿童利益重视程度不够、主体范围狭窄、救济方式无力等问题,严重影响着探望权作用的发挥,使探望权在法院判决后难以真正实现。最后,简要介绍德国、英国、美国和日本等国家有关探望权的规定,提取域外探望权制度的共同点,为我国探望权制度的完善提供学习和借鉴的内容。然后在此基础上,提出确立"儿童最大利益原则"、适当扩展探望权主体、明确探望权的中止事由等措施完善探望权的立法设计,提出社会协助执行、修改诉讼程序、精神损害赔偿之诉和抚养权变更之诉等具体措施以完善探望权的救济方式,以求本文可以在探望权的制度运行和学术研究方面提供有益的启示。
[Abstract]:The right of visitation originated in Anglo-American law system, which refers to the right to meet and communicate with the children, which is enjoyed by one of the parents who do not live with their children after divorce. The establishment of the visitation right has satisfied the parents' nature of caring for their children. It is an indispensable part of the marriage system. In 2001, the Marriage Law and the Judicial interpretation of the Marriage Law have added visitation rights in our country. This provides legal protection for the continuation of feelings between parents and children after divorce. However, with the development of economy and society, the divorce rate in our country has been increasing. The relevant provisions of visitation right system have become more and more difficult to meet the needs of judicial practice. This paper attempts to reinterpret the meaning of visitation right from a theoretical point of view. From the aspects of legislative design and judicial practice, this paper discusses the problems and shortcomings of visitation right system in our country, and draws lessons from the relevant provisions of foreign countries. Based on this, the author puts forward some countermeasures. Firstly, through two concrete cases in judicial practice, this paper raises questions, which shows that with the development of society, separation in marriage is becoming more and more important. With the emergence of special circumstances such as artificial birth of children, the provisions of visitation rights have been difficult to meet the needs of the judiciary, causing us to think more deeply about the legislation of visitation rights and the current situation of the judiciary. Secondly, from the conditions and functions of the exercise of visitation rights, Analyzing the meaning of visitation right from the angle of the nature and history of the right, the author points out that the visitation right is not so much a right of parents to their children as it is. It should be reflected in the obligation of parents and grandparents to protect the healthy growth of minor children. Thirdly, the present situation of visitation right in China is analyzed from the two aspects of legislation and judicature. It is found that there are some problems in the system of visitation right in our country, such as insufficient attention to the interests of children, narrow scope of subject, weak relief methods, which seriously affect the exertion of visitation right and make it difficult to realize the visitation right after the judgment of the court. This paper briefly introduces the provisions of visitation rights in Germany, Britain, the United States and Japan, extracts the common ground of the extraterritorial visitation right system, and provides learning and reference content for the perfection of visitation right system in our country. It proposes to establish "the principle of the best interests of the child", to expand the subject of visitation rights appropriately, to clarify the reasons for the suspension of visitation rights, and to perfect the legislative design of visitation rights. In order to improve the relief mode of visitation right, the author hopes that this article can provide beneficial enlightenment in the system operation and academic research of visitation right.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

【相似文献】