大数据时代城市公共安全预警机制优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 12:47

本文选题：大数据　切入点：城市公共安全　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市是人口、资源高度密集的聚集地,所以,也就成为公共安全事件易发、多发之地。目前,城市公共安全形势尤为严峻,对城市公共安全事件做到早预期、早控制、早治理,显得十分重要。然而传统的城市公共安全预警多是基于经验主义的思维模式,已经无法满大数据时代城市公共安全预警的多重需求。在大数据时代背景下,由于大数据其功能与特点,给城市公共安全应对带来挑战的同时,也提供了巨大便利。因此,运用大数据来优化城市公共安全预警机制有着突出的意义。我国在城市公共安全预警方面,经过了长期的建设,取得了一系列成效,突出表现在:预警组织基本健全、预警设备逐渐完善、预警人员逐步到位、信息制度基本规范等方面,但同时也存在一些明显不足,比较突出的是:预警意识较淡薄、预警责任不明确、预警发布欠及时、信息传递欠精准等问题。究其原因在于:危机教育缺乏、法律体系不完善、预警机构不统一、信息系统不健全等等。相比较而言,国外城市公共安全预警起步较早,尤其是在应急预案、预警系统、法律法规等方面做得比较完善,因此,可以借鉴其先进经验。在大数据时代背景下,城市公共安全预警机制的优化是一项复杂的工程,重点要从信息采集监测、信息分析评估、信息决策预案、信息反馈警报,以及多元主体互协同、海量信息深挖掘、数据技术“一窗式”、空间地理全方位、制度管理规范化预警等方面入手,实现城市公共安全预警机制的精准化、专业化、法制化与高效化。本文在研究上的创新点主要有以下几个方面:一是目前关于将大数据运用到城市公共安全预警中的研究相对较少,本文把大数据与城市公共安全预警结合起来,是一次初步尝试;二是在借鉴国内外先进经验的条件下,运用大数据思维、技术,提出大数据时代城市公共安全预警机制的优化对策。当前,我国已有部分城市开始运用大数据提升城市公共安全预警能力,但仍存在一些不足。因此,今后还需加强对大数据技术研发、大数据与城市公共安全预警相融合等研究。
[Abstract]:Cities are densely populated and highly resource-intensive, so they become places where public safety incidents are prone to occurrence and frequent. At present, the situation of urban public safety is particularly severe. Early anticipation, early control, and early management of urban public safety incidents are achieved. It seems very important. However, the traditional urban public safety early warning is mostly based on empiricism and can no longer meet the needs of big data's era. Under the background of big data era, As big data's functions and characteristics bring challenges to urban public safety, they also provide great convenience. It is of great significance to use big data to optimize the early warning mechanism of urban public safety. After a long period of construction, China has made a series of achievements in the field of early warning of urban public safety. The early warning equipment is gradually perfected, the early warning personnel are in place step by step, the information system is basically standardized and so on, but at the same time there are some obvious shortcomings. The more outstanding are: the early warning consciousness is relatively weak, the early warning responsibility is not clear, the early warning issue is short of time, The reasons are: lack of crisis education, imperfect legal system, disunity of early warning system, imperfect information system and so on. In contrast, the early warning of urban public safety in foreign countries started earlier. Especially in emergency plans, early warning systems, laws and regulations and so on, so we can learn from its advanced experience. Under the background of big data, the optimization of early warning mechanism of urban public safety is a complex project. Emphasis should be placed on information collection and monitoring, information analysis and evaluation, information decision planning, information feedback and warning, cooperation among multiple subjects, deep mining of massive information, "one window" data technology, and all aspects of spatial geography. The system management standardization early warning and so on, realizes the city public safety early warning mechanism to be precise, specialized, The main innovations of this paper are as follows: first, there are relatively few researches on the application of big data to early warning of urban public safety. This paper combines big data with early warning of urban public safety, it is a preliminary attempt; second, under the condition of drawing lessons from advanced experience at home and abroad, we should use big data thinking and technology. At present, some cities in our country have begun to improve the ability of urban public safety early warning, but there are still some shortcomings. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on big data technology research and the integration of big data and urban public safety early warning.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

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