政策变迁理论视角下的出租车政策变革过程研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 01:16

本文选题：出租车政策变迁　切入点：网约车　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：网约车是"互联网+ "新业态的典型代表,自出现以来,普及迅速,发展欣欣向荣。然而,伴随发展而来的是对传统巡游车市场的冲击,巡游车市场份额减少、司机收入下降,还需上缴沉重的"份子钱",引发了巡游车群体的不满和抗议,爆发了多次大规模群体性罢运事件。另外,网约车还出现了多次恶性事件,例如抢劫、谋杀等,给公众出行安全带来了隐患,引起了政府和社会的关注,并开始着手对出租车行业的改革。2016年7月28日,交通运输部正式发布《关于深化改革进一步推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》和《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》,将网约车界定为"预约出租客运",赋予网约车正式营运资格,同时还提出深化巡游车改革,改革自此告一段落。本文以出租车变革过程为研究对象,旨在研究出租车政策过程的演进,了解出租车改革政策议程是如何开启的?多元行动者是如何互动博弈影响政府决策的?政策妥协结果产生的原因是什么?出租车政策改革的未来走如何等。通过对这些问题的探讨,一方面可以深入了解出租车行业情况,预估之后的出租车行业改革重点以及变革方式;另一方面也可以为其他新业态引起的行业改革提供借鉴意义。本文从政策变迁理论视角解读出租车政策变革过程,但政策变迁理论有很多,而且每个理论都有其适用性和局限性。因此,本文基于多源流理论、倡导联盟理论以及政策网络理论构建了系统性的理论分析框架,旨在扬长避短,充分发挥不同理论在不同政策阶段中的解释优势。多源流理论在议程设置阶段具有充分解释力,本文具体阐述了出租车政策议程设置过程中的问题溪流、政治溪流、政策溪流,分析三条溪流耦合下的议程开启过程,对出租车改革前决策过程的发生机制进行了详细探讨。倡导联盟理论和政策网络理论是研究政策过程行动者互动的典型理论,只是两者存在差异,倡导联盟注重信念,政策网络注重利益。对于出租车改革过程来说,价值和利益都是行动者行动的动力,因而,本文综合运用基于信念的倡导联盟理论和基于利益的政策网络理论综合分析各行动主体之间的互动博弈,分析议程开启后各大联盟的策略行动以及不同网络之间的互动。通过分析,我们了解到,出租车政策过程中各大联盟资源相当,利益分化明显,最终的政策产出其实是多元行动者协商下的政策妥协。虽然确立了网约车合法地位,但也提高了网约车的准入门槛,还对传统巡游车管理体制进行改革优化,平衡了网约车群体和巡游车群体的利益。通过对出租车政策过程的具体分析,我们发现,虽然出租车行业存在着不少沉疴积弊,但并未受到重视,直至网约车的兴起才引起了政府的关注。可以说,本次改革是倒逼催生的,缺乏改革前瞻性和主动性。另外,尽管本次改革结果差强人意,但是在后期各地落实执行中却不尽人意,由于缺乏对改革进度的具体约束,各地政策进程开展差异明显。因此,在今后的改革中,我们必须要加强政府学习,提高改革前瞻性和主动性,尽早发现问题并及时解决问题,同时还需制定改革阶段性评估,保证改革措施得以有效贯彻执行。最后,通过对改革整体过程的研究以及政策文本的规定,我们可以预计,接下来的出租车改革重点将是巡游车改革,尤其是运价机制、退出机制以及经营权管理等。同时,由于改革对象的单一,未来改革方式还是会偏温和渐进。
[Abstract]:Network about cars is a typical representative of "Internet plus" new format, since the emergence of popularity, thriving development. However, the development is accompanied by the traditional parade car market impact parade car market share decreased, the driver needs to pay heavy income decline, "a money", triggered a parade the car group of discontent and protest, outbreaks of mass strike. In addition, the network about cars also appeared repeatedly vicious incident, such as robbery, murder, safety brought hidden dangers to the public, has aroused the attention of government and society, and began the reform of the taxi industry.2016 in July 28th, traffic the Department of transportation issued "on deepening the reform to further promote the healthy development of the taxi industry guidance" and "network booking taxi management service management Interim Measures", will be defined as "the net about car rental passenger reservation", given the Network about cars officially operational qualifications, also proposed to deepen the reform of the reform since the parade car, come to an end. This paper takes the taxi reform process as the research object, aims to study the evolution of the taxi policy process, understand the reform policy agenda is how to open a taxi? How is the interaction of multiple actions to influence government decision-making? What is the reason for the policy the result of the compromise? Taxi Policy Reform future. How to go through the discussion of these problems, one can understand the situation of the taxi industry, the taxi industry estimates after the reform and transformation of key reference mode; on the other hand can also cause other new industry reform. This paper from the theory of public policy changes from the perspective of taxi policy change process, but there are a lot of policy change theory, and each theory has its applicability and limitations. Therefore, This paper based on the theory of multiple streams, the advocacy coalition theory and policy network theory to build a systematic theoretical analysis framework, designed to avoid, give full play to explain the advantages of different theories in different policy phase. The theory of multiple streams in the agenda setting stage with a full explanation, this paper expounds the stream taxi policy agenda setting process problems the political policy analysis of three streams, streams, streams under the coupling mechanism of the opening process of the agenda, the taxi before the reform decision-making process were discussed in detail. The advocacy coalition theory and policy network theory is a typical theory of policy process interaction, there is difference between the two, the advocacy coalition on faith, pay attention to the interests of the policy network. The taxi is the reform process, values and interests are power, acts therefore, this paper based on the comprehensive use of the letter Read the advocacy coalition theory and based on the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between the policy network theory the interests of the different participants, action of the major league analysis agenda after opening and the interaction between different networks. Through the analysis, we understand that the taxi in the policy process of the major league resources fairly, interest differentiation is obvious, the final policy output is the plural actors negotiate the policy of compromise. Although the established network about the legal status of the car, but also improves the network about the car access threshold, but also reform to optimize the traditional cruise vehicle management system, balance the network about cars and car cruise group group interests. Through a detailed analysis of the process of taxi policy we found that, although the taxi industry has many long-standing ills, but did not pay attention to, until the car was about the rise of the network caused the government's attention. It can be said that this reform is reversed The birth of the force, the lack of forward-looking reform and initiative. In addition, although the reform results just passable, but in the later stage around the implementation of unsatisfactory, due to the lack of specific constraints on the pace of reform, around the policy process carry out different obviously. Therefore, in the future reform, we must strengthen the study of government reform, improve proactive and initiative, as soon as possible to find and solve problems in a timely manner, but also need to develop the assessment phase of reform, reform measures to ensure effective implementation. Finally, through the reform of the whole process of the research and policy rules, we can expect that the reform will be the focus of the next taxi cruise car reform, especially pricing mechanism, exit mechanism and management rights management. At the same time, the reform of the object is single, the future reform will still partial moderate gradual.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.3

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