国家治理现代化视域下制度执行力问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 17:32

本文选题：治理现代化　切入点：制度执行力　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国共产党十八届三中全会提出,“全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。”国家治理体系和治理能力现代化即国家治理现代化,这一具有新理念、新思想、新战略意义的治国理政总目标的确立,既是执政党基于建国以来建设、改革和发展经验的深刻总结,也是对新世纪中国与世界关系发生历史性变化的重新认识的反映。中国改革经过30多年的推进,目前已进入攻坚期和深水区。在此期域,改革的关联性、互动性日趋增强,艰巨性日益增大,这就要求更加注重改革的系统性、整体性和协同性,更加注重从整体性寻找问题的解决之道。国家治理现代化作为全面深化改革的总目标能否实现,既在于国家中观及微观层面的制度和制度体系的合理化,更在于提升制度执行力。现阶段我国在制度建设上已取得明显进步:已拥有一整套比较完善的制度体系,制度职能得到有效发挥,制度结构不断优化。但制度执行中也存诸多突出问题,结合现有研究,依据制度被执行的时间推进,可以从制度的执行意愿、执行时效、执行精度和执行绩效四个维度作为衡量执行力的标准,对执行不力的现象进行了系统性、全面性的深入剖析,包括执行意愿不强、执行时效迟缓、执行精度降准、执行绩效打折等,这些问题极大地削弱了制度权威,降低了制度绩效。要想根本解决这些执行不力的问题,单纯从制度建构方面改进,已无法取得有效突破,只有强化制度执行,才能标本兼治。目前,影响制度执行的主要因素有:一是制度设计的科学性合理性不足、制度的可操作性和协同性欠缺、制度生成中民众参与和论证不充分;二是制度执行主体认知不足、行为失范削弱执行者的执行意愿;三是基本体制机制不完善延长执行时间,降低政府执行速度,影响执行时效;四是制度执行惩罚激励机制不完善,激励制强度不足,责任追究过度和追究不足现象并存;五是制度执行环境中法治文化缺失、人情关系盛行、官本位思想严重、潜规则干扰等约束执行价值取向。要有效解决我国制度执行中存在的问题,须做好以下几方面工作:一要提高制度设计的科学性合理性公正性,制度设计要于法周延、于事简便、追责清晰、与时俱进;二要提高制度执行主体的能力素质,端正心态、提高制度认同能力、强化执行操作能力,领导干部要率先垂范,提高政府部门制度执行的协调性,提高执行绩效;三是建立健全科学合理的制度执行机制,构建制度执行时效控制机制,加强惩罚机制的执行力度,提高激励机制的强度,运用大数据建立健全监督评估机制,强化制度执行监督与问责,完善制度执行的评估和反馈;四是培育良好的制度执行文化环境,弘扬传统制度执行文化中的积极因素,树立法治意识,深入推进“放管服”改革,大力培育新型的制度执行文化。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward that "the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics," To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. "the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity is the establishment of the general goal of governing the country with new ideas, new ideas and new strategic significance," he said. This is not only a profound summary of the ruling party's experience in construction, reform and development since the founding of the people's Republic of China, but also a reflection of the historic changes that have taken place in the relations between China and the world in the new century. At present, we have entered a critical period and deep water areas. In this period, the relevance, interactivity and arduousness of the reform are increasingly enhanced. This requires that more attention be paid to the systematization, integrity and synergy of the reform. Whether the modernization of national governance as the overall goal of deepening the reform can be realized lies in the rationalization of the system and system at the intermediate and micro levels of the country. At the present stage, China has made remarkable progress in the construction of the system: it has a set of relatively perfect system, and the functions of the system have been effectively brought into play. The system structure is constantly optimized. But there are still many outstanding problems in the implementation of the system. Combined with the existing research, according to the time when the system is implemented, it can be carried out in accordance with the will of the system. The four dimensions of execution precision and performance are taken as the standard to measure the execution ability. The phenomenon of weak execution is analyzed systematically and comprehensively, including the lack of will to execute, the delay of execution time, and the reduction of execution precision. These problems greatly weaken the authority of the system and reduce the performance of the system. If we want to fundamentally solve these problems of weak implementation, we can not make an effective breakthrough by simply improving from the aspect of system construction. At present, the main factors that affect the implementation of the system are as follows: firstly, the rationality of the system design is insufficient, and the system is lack of maneuverability and coordination. The people's participation and argumentation in the system generation is not sufficient; second, the cognition of the main body of system execution is insufficient, and the behavior of the executive weakens the executor's will; the third is the imperfection of the basic system and mechanism to prolong the execution time and reduce the speed of the government's execution. The fourth is that the incentive mechanism of institutional execution is not perfect, the intensity of incentive system is insufficient, the phenomenon of excessive accountability and lack of accountability coexist; fifthly, there is a lack of culture of rule of law in the environment of system execution, and the relationship between human feelings is prevalent. In order to effectively solve the problems existing in the implementation of the system in our country, we must do the following work: first, to improve the rationality and fairness of the system design, we should improve the rationality and fairness of the system design. The design of the system should be based on the law, simplicity, clarity of responsibility and keeping pace with the times; second, it should improve the ability and quality of the main body of system implementation, correct mentality, enhance the ability of system identification, strengthen the ability of execution, and lead cadres to set an example. Third, it is necessary to establish and improve the scientific and reasonable system implementation mechanism, to construct the system enforcement prescription control mechanism, to strengthen the enforcement of the punishment mechanism, and to enhance the intensity of the incentive mechanism. Using big data to establish and improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism, to strengthen the supervision and accountability of system execution, to perfect the evaluation and feedback of system implementation; fourth, to foster a good cultural environment for system implementation and to carry forward the positive factors in the traditional system execution culture. Set up the consciousness of rule by law, push forward the reform of "putting management into service", and cultivate a new culture of system execution.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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