核事故责任主体的国际法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 22:26

本文选题：严格责任　切入点：成本内化　出处：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今世界各国面临着气候变化、能源供应安全及电汽市场自由化等问题,核能的利用可以减少二氧化碳的排放,其替代化石燃料已经获得大众认可,但是只有有效实现核事故责任主体的严格责任,将其风险行为产生的社会成本吸收与内化,核能利用才能产生经济效益。法律制度需要为核运营人创造合适的环境,将核事故责任主体的运营的风险因素内化成自身运营的成本,从而才能最大限度的为核运营安全带来保障。核运营者需要为自己的行为所引发的潜在风险承担完全的责任,即使国家与保险机构可以为核责任事故分担一定的风险,但是核运营人员需事先向国家以及保险机构付出一定的经济成本。国际核事故责任制度崇尚无偿性的国家干预,运用较多地公共资金,而日本与美国的核事故责任制度都较少存在纯粹性的国家补贴,二者利用设置核运营者最低责任限额、征收追溯性保障费、与政府签订保障协议等一系列手段较好地实现了由核运营者及相关主体自身风险行为产生的社会成本内部化,我们要学习美日核事故赔偿模式的先进之处,努力实现核运营成本内化,使核能企业走向独立,为我国核能企业的发展带来更大的利益。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, countries in the world are faced with problems such as climate change, energy supply safety and the liberalization of electricity and steam market. The use of nuclear energy can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and its alternative fossil fuels have been accepted by the public.But only by effectively realizing the strict liability of the subject responsible for the nuclear accident and absorbing and internalizing the social cost of the risk behavior can the nuclear energy utilization produce economic benefits.The legal system needs to create a suitable environment for the nuclear operators, and turn the risk factors of the subject of nuclear accident responsibility into the cost of their own operation, so as to maximize the safety of nuclear operations.Nuclear operators need to take full responsibility for the potential risks posed by their actions, even though the state and insurance agencies can share some of the risks for nuclear liability accidents.But nuclear operators have to pay a certain economic cost to the state and insurance agencies in advance.The international nuclear accident liability system advocates free state intervention and uses more public funds, while Japan and the United States have less pure state subsidies, and both use the minimum liability limit for nuclear operators.The collection of retroactive safeguard fees, the signing of safeguards agreements with the government, and a series of means have better internalized the social costs arising from the risk behaviors of nuclear operators and related subjects. We should learn from the advanced aspects of the compensation model for nuclear accidents in the United States and Japan.To realize the internalization of nuclear operation cost, to make the nuclear energy enterprise independent, and to bring more benefits to the development of our country's nuclear power enterprise.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99

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