我国精准扶贫的法治化研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:15

本文选题：精准扶贫 + 法治化　；参考：《河南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着政府职能由“权力型”向“服务型”转换,民生事业的发展已成为我国政府工作的重中之重,从2003年起持续下达了一系列精准扶贫相关的的政策和文件,如今精准扶贫工作在我国各个省市如火如荼的进行着,在建设服务型政府的背景下,政府对特定公众的扶贫和救济不能仍看成是一种“恩赐”,而应该一种职责和义务。随着经济的发展和时代的进步,精准扶贫已不再是传统意义上扶贫的范围和内容,而是要变“输血”为“造血”,由之前单纯的物质帮助转换为生存技能的培养,由以前直接保障生存权向直接保障经济自由权优先,生存权保障兜底过渡和转化。由于精准扶贫要牵涉到大量的公共财政资金的使用,因此极可能会成为“权力寻租”提供温床。精准扶贫是一种正式的行政行为,但鉴于在我国的开展相对较晚,因此,远不如其他行政行为在中国行政活动中的地位。理论界对其的研究也相对欠缺,在制度上,精准扶贫相关立法保障机制缺乏、行政执法不规范、监督制约机制不完善、相关司法救济机制阙如等问题;在扶贫工作实践中,由于制度的缺乏,行政机关单纯依靠政策办事,权力膨胀、滥用自由裁量权进行腐败,伪扶贫、乱扶贫以权谋私乱像盛行。近年来,我国也有很多学者针对扶贫在实践中出现的问题,提出很多解决的措施,但总的来看大多数都是站在社会学和管理学的角度进行政策化分析和行政管理方面进行规范,这些问题根本无法真正的得到解决。现阶段我国的主要目标是法治政府的建设,运用“法治”的力量代替“人治”,以实现对国家的有效管理,鉴于此,我国精准扶贫的法治化建设就显得尤为重要。本文主要从权力制约和人权保障的视角,采用实证分析、价值分析和规范主义分析的方法对精准扶贫进行全面的分析和展望,大体上主要从立法、执法、监督和司法四个方面做出探析。内容简单如下:第一部分是引言,主要对本文的研究背景、国内外研究状况、研究的方法、创新点和不足及精准扶贫的基本概念界定进行简单介绍。第二部分是精准扶贫法治化的现状考察。对河南省贫困县精准扶贫现状进行实证考察,发现精准扶贫存在有相关扶贫立法缺乏、行政执法不规范、监督制约机制不完善与司法救济机制阙如等一些列问题。第三部分是精准扶贫法治化的必要性分析。从我国依法治国的战略定位、法治政府建设的现实要求,政府由权力型政府向服务型政府转换内在需要、人权保障的价值追求四个方面来阐释精准扶贫法治化的日益凸显的价值和意义。第四部分是精准扶贫法治化的基本原则。通过人权保障原则、权力监督制约原则、正当法律程序原则、社会多元参与原则四个方面分析了我国精准扶贫法治化的基本价值理念、构建思路等问题,旨在为精准扶贫法治化的实现提供丰富的理论支撑,切实实现对公民多元化人权的保障。第五部分是我国精准扶贫法治机制的构建。提出建立完备的精准扶贫法律规范体系、健全精准扶贫的法治实施体系,这部分主要从精准扶贫的执行主体和行政程序来阐释,然后精准扶贫监督制约机制的完善,最后是对精准扶贫的司法救济制度的构建四个方面的完善提出设想。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of government functions from "power type" to "service-oriented", the development of the livelihood of the people's livelihood has become the most important part of our government's work. From 2003 it has been a series of policies and documents related to precision poverty alleviation. Now, the precision poverty alleviation work is carried out in full swing in various provinces and cities in China, and in the construction of a service-oriented government. Under the background, the government's poverty alleviation and relief can not still be regarded as a kind of "gift", but it should be a kind of duty and obligation. With the development of the economy and the progress of the times, the precision of poverty alleviation is no longer the scope and content of the traditional poverty alleviation, but the transformation of "blood transfusion" to "hematopoiesis", from the prior simple material help. In order to cultivate the survival skills, the right to survive directly is given priority to the right of direct guarantee of the right to economic freedom, and the right to survival is a transition and transformation. As the precision of poverty alleviation involves the use of a large number of public financial funds, it is very likely to provide a warm bed for "rent-seeking power". In view of the relatively late development of our country, it is far less than the other administrative acts in China's administrative activities. The theoretical circles are relatively deficient in their research. In the system, the lack of relevant legislative guarantee mechanism for precision poverty alleviation, the non standard administrative law enforcement, the imperfect supervision and restriction mechanism and the lack of relevant judicial relief mechanisms; In the poor work practice, due to the lack of system, the administrative organs simply rely on the policy, the power expansion, the abuse of the discretion to corrupt, the pseudo poverty alleviation, and the disorder of the poverty alleviation with power and privacy. In recent years, many scholars in our country have put forward a lot of measures to solve the problems in the practice of poverty alleviation in China, but in general, most of them are concerned. The main objective of our country is to build the government under the rule of law and use the power of "rule of law" instead of "rule of man" in order to realize the effective management of the country. The construction of the rule of law of poverty alleviation is particularly important. From the perspective of power restriction and human rights protection, this paper makes an overall analysis and Prospect of precision poverty alleviation through empirical analysis, value analysis and normative analysis, mainly from four aspects of legislation, law enforcement, supervision and judicature. The content is as follows: Part of the introduction, mainly on the background of the research, the research situation at home and abroad, research methods, innovation and deficiency and the definition of the basic concept of precision poverty alleviation. The second part is the present situation of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. The present situation of precision poverty alleviation in the poor counties of Henan province is empirically investigated, and the existence of precision poverty alleviation is found. Lack of relevant poverty alleviation legislation, non standard administrative law enforcement, imperfect supervision and restriction mechanism and lack of judicial relief mechanism. The third part is the necessity analysis of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. From the strategic orientation of the rule of law in China, the realistic requirement of the construction of the rule of law government, the government transforms the government from the power type government to the service government. The value and significance of the rule of law for precision poverty alleviation is explained in four aspects, namely, the need and the pursuit of the value of human rights protection. The fourth part is the basic principle of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. Through the principle of human rights protection, the principle of power supervision and restriction, the principle of due process of legal procedure and the principle of social pluralistic participation, the precision of our country is analyzed accurately. The basic values of the rule of value of poverty alleviation and the construction of ideas are designed to provide a rich theoretical support for the realization of the rule of law of poverty alleviation, and to realize the protection of the pluralistic human rights of the citizens. The fifth part is the construction of the rule of law mechanism of precision poverty alleviation in our country. The implementation of the rule of law system, this part of the implementation of the main and administrative procedures to explain the precision of poverty alleviation, and the precision of the improvement of the poor supervision and control mechanism of poverty alleviation, the final is to improve the precision of the poverty alleviation of the judicial relief system to improve the four aspects of the improvement of the idea.

【学位授予单位】：河南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F126;D920.0

【参考文献】