梁启超公德与私德思想及其德育价值研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 16:59

本文选题：梁启超 + 公德　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当代中国社会,随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善,生活水平的不断提高,人们的价值取向趋于复杂化、多元化,进行社会公共活动所涉及的领域也在不断扩大。在此变化的过程中,一些社会矛盾开始逐渐显露,而且表现为越来越严峻的态势,亟待解决。能否解决好这些矛盾,关系到国家的长治久安和中国特色社会主义的实现。在这种形势下,如何有效推进公民道德建设,就成为当下的重要工作。这不仅需要认清和分析现实,而且还要从历史上借鉴道德资源,取其精华,去其糟粕,以丰富和扩大我们的视野。在我国道德思想史上,梁启超首次提出了“公德”和“私德”的概念,并利用其公德与私德思想审视中国的传统道德。研究梁启超的公德与私德思想,吸取其中所包含的合理与进步的因素,并为当前德育工作提供有意的借鉴,是现阶段社会主义核心价值观指导下德育构建的现实要求,对当今中国特色社会主义制度下公共道德的建设以及现代德育思想体系的发展和完善都有积极的影响意义。本文共分四部分。第一部分分别介绍梁启超公德与私德思想形成的社会历史背景以及思想理论来源。我国近代传统社会,由于长期受到自然经济条件的制限、皇权封建专制的压迫、畸形家族制度的制约和腐朽传统道德的影响,致使人们的公共生活空间发育严重不良、私德堕落,多少有志之士历经坎坷也无法为当时的中国找到出路,梁启超便是其中之一。此后梁启超赴日本和北美,开始接触到异域的道德观,并深感其优势,正是这种与中国传统道德观鲜明的对比,刺激他要为中国设计一套新的、适应当时社会发展道德体系。梁启超的思想既受到中国传统文化,特别是儒家思想的熏陶,同时也吸收到了日本和西方的先进道德思想的精华,加之受当时历史环境及国民现状的影响,在此种种基础之上,梁启超先后提出了公德与私德思想。第二部分主要介绍梁启超公德与私德思想的基本内容。通过厘定概念,辨析关系,强调公德是联结群体和国家的道德理念,私德是个体的道德、品行和操守,公德和私德密不可分、相互依存、互为补充。梁启超的公德思想在于以公德为基础,培育适应社会发展的“新民”,完成救亡图存的宏伟理想。而梁启超的私德思想,侧重点在于国民的德育以及个人道德修养的提升,其实是对公德思想的补充和说明,他对于当时私德的堕落做了一系列的分析,希望能通过道德革命改变当时的道德现状,培养国民的优良个人品质,进而推动整个社会风气的转变,建立良好的社会公德。第三部分主要论述梁启超公德与私德思想在德育方面的特点。梁启超的公德与私德思想根据现实的需要,在理论上继承与创新。首先,梁启超提出利群主义的德育观,以群为重、以公为重,反对极端的利己主义。其次,梁启超认为德育在一个国家应置于首位,良好的道德软环境是社会政治经济大环境日渐向好的催化剂,道德教育应从三个方面着手,即国民的国家精神、奋发进取精神和公德心的培养。最后,梁启超提倡公德,更注重国民个人道德修养的自我提升,德育不仅包括外在的教育,还应包括内在的自我教育,自觉提升个人的道德修养,做到知行统一。除此之外,梁启超的公德与私德思想还具有一些矛盾性及唯心主义倾向。第四部分主要论述梁启超公德与私德思想的当代德育启示。从公德到私德,梁启超关于社会风尚之变迁、中国人未来人格特性的转变,具有极其精确和一针见血的预见。无论公德与私德,梁启超都是站在国家发展和民族自强的视角和高度,要求进行道德革命,加强社会整体道德建设,呼吁国民养成为国家、为社会作奉献的优秀个人品质,这对于现今在思想大变革前沿、努力追求着精神层面、文化和教育领域上的出路的德育工作者来说,无异于一盏指路明灯。梁启超无疑是重视公德的,而当今社会也正面临“道德滑坡”、“道德危机”等现象,因此,建立新时期的社会公德迫在眉睫。本文从四个出发点进行论述,首先指出当今社会需要公德,社会公德教育势在必行;其次是优化德育环境,主要从制度和舆论环境两个方面阐述;再次是加强公德教育,包括校内青少年的公德教育以及校外成年人的公德教育;最后是知行合一,让道德认知转化为道德行为。
[Abstract]:In the contemporary Chinese society, with the gradual improvement of the socialist market economy system, the continuous improvement of the living standard, the complexity of the people's value orientation and the diversification, the areas involved in social public activities are also expanding. In the process of this change, some social contradictions have begun to emerge gradually, and are becoming more and more severe. In this situation, how to effectively promote the construction of citizens' morality is an important task in this situation. It is not only necessary to recognize and analyze the reality, but also to learn from the moral resources and extract the essence from the history. In the history of moral thought of our country, Liang Qichao put forward the concept of "public morality" and "private morality" in the history of moral thought of our country, and examined the traditional morality of China with its public morality and private morality. It studied Liang Qichao's moral and private morality, and absorbed the rational and progressive factors contained in it, and was present at the present time. It is a realistic requirement for the construction of moral education under the guidance of the socialist core values at the present stage. It has a positive influence on the construction of public morality and the development and perfection of modern moral education system under the present Chinese characteristic socialist system. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces Liang. The social and historical background and the source of Ideological and theoretical origin of the thought of opening and exceeding the public morality and private morality. In the modern Chinese traditional society, the public life space was badly developed and the private morality was degenerated because of the restriction of the natural economic conditions, the oppression of the feudal autocracy, the restriction of the deformed family system and the influence of the decadent traditional morality for a long time. When Liang Qichao went to Japan and North America, Liang Qichao went to Japan and North America to come into contact with the foreign morality. It was the contrast with the traditional Chinese morality, which stimulated him to design a new set of society and adapt to the society of the time. The development of moral system. Liang Qichao's thought is not only influenced by Chinese traditional culture, especially Confucianism, but also absorbed the essence of advanced moral thought in Japan and the west, and influenced by the historical environment and the national status of the time. On this basis, Liang Qichao has put forward the thought of public morality and private morality successively. The second part This paper mainly introduces the basic content of Liang Qichao's public morality and private morality. Through the definition of the concept and the analysis of relations, it emphasizes that the public morality is the joint group and the moral concept of the country, the private morality is the individual morality, the conduct and the integrity, the public morality and the private morality are inseparable, interdependent and complementary. The idea of Liang Qichao's public morality is to cultivate adaptation on the basis of public morality. The "new people" of social development has completed the grand ideal of saving the nation from subjugation. And Liang Qichao's thought of private morality focuses on the moral education of the people and the promotion of personal moral cultivation. In fact, it is a supplement and explanation of the thought of public morality. He has made a series of analyses on the depravity of the private morality at that time, hoping to change the way of the time through the moral revolution. In the third part, the third part mainly discusses the characteristics of the moral and moral characteristics of the public morality and the private morality. Liang Qichao's public morality and the thought of private morality inherit and innovate in theory according to the needs of reality. First, Liang Qichao puts forward profit. The view of the moral education of the group is to take the group as the weight, to take the public as the heavy, to oppose the extreme egoism. Secondly, Liang Qichao thinks that moral education should be put in the first place in a country, and a good moral soft environment is a catalyst for the social and political and economic environment to be better, and moral education should start from three sides, that is, the national spirit of the national, the enterprising spirit and the spirit. In the end, Liang Qichao advocates the public morality and pays more attention to the public morality. It pays more attention to the self promotion of personal moral cultivation. Moral education includes not only the external education, but also the inner self education, the self-consciousness of the individual and the unity of knowledge and practice. Besides, there are some contradictions and idealism in Liang Qichao's moral and private morality. The fourth part mainly discusses the Enlightenment of contemporary moral education of Liang Qichao's public morality and private morality. From public morality to private morality, Liang Qichao's changes in social customs and the change of Chinese character in the future personality are extremely accurate and foresight. Regardless of public morality and private morality, Liang Qichao is standing in National Development and national self-improvement. In view and height, we need to carry out moral revolution, strengthen the moral construction of society as a whole, appeal to the people to be the outstanding individual quality of the country and contribute to the society, which is the same as a light lamp for the moral workers who are seeking the spiritual level, culture and education in the front of the great change of thought. It is doubtless to pay attention to the public morality, and the society is also facing the phenomenon of "moral landslide" and "moral crisis". Therefore, it is imminent to establish social morality in the new period. This paper, from four points of departure, first points out that today's society needs public morality, social morality education is imperative, and the second is to optimize the moral environment, mainly from the moral environment. The system and the environment of public opinion are expounded in two aspects, and the second is to strengthen the education of public morality, including the public morality education of the young people in school and the public morality education of the adults outside the school; finally, the knowledge of the practice is together, and the moral cognition is transformed into moral behavior.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D648.3

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