二十一世纪早期美国民粹主义政治的复兴
发布时间：2018-08-05 17:38
【摘要】：关于民粹主义,目前还没有被广为接受的权威定义,不同国家和地区的民粹主义的产生根源、表现形式以及具体诉求也千差万别。但总的来说,民粹主义都强调"民众"与"精英"的对立,突出"民众"意愿的重要性,在表现形式上动员大众直接参与政治。在美国,民粹主义在历史上曾经形成多次浪潮,其中最早的一次可追溯到19世纪末的人民党运动。20世纪美国的民粹主义运动可谓风起云涌,其中包括20世纪30年代的代表人物休伊朗以及他提出的"共享财富"的计划,1968年乔治·华莱士竞选总统时的民粹主义思潮,1992年罗斯佩罗以独立候选人身份参与总统竞选中曾展现出来的民粹主义特征与内涵。进入二十一世纪,由于恐怖主义袭击事件和2008年的金融危机等特殊的社会背景,民众生活水平下降,贫富差距扩大,恐怖和战乱给人们带来严重的社会动荡,从而使人们对政府产生了强烈的不满,美国相继出现了右翼的茶党运动和左翼的占领华尔街运动等新的民粹主义浪潮,并在2016年美国大选中通过特朗普的竞选活动而达到高潮。美国的民粹主义在历史上的发展周而复始,具有一定的规律,基本每隔三十年民粹主义就会卷土重来一次。通常与政治密切相连,并为其服务。它一再卷土重来反映了美国特殊历史条件下的深刻的社会和政治危机。二十一世纪初所出现的这次民粹主义浪潮即是美国当前许多政治、经济和社会危机的反应,它无疑会对未来美国的政治带来重要和深远的影响。最明显的体现就是在一些特定时期,比如总统大选和社会动荡时期,由于民粹主义的复兴而引起政治决策的改变和国家发展的改变。例如2016年美国总统大选中,特朗普的当选将成为美国政治的转折点,它将重塑美国政治。
[Abstract]:There is no widely accepted authoritative definition of populism, and the origin, manifestation and specific demands of populism vary widely in different countries and regions. But in general, populism emphasizes the opposition between "people" and "elite", emphasizes the importance of "popular" will, and mobilizes the masses to participate in politics directly. In the United States, populism has formed many waves in history, the earliest of which dates back to the late 19th century people's Party movement. These include the representative of the 1930s, Hugh Iran, and his plan to "share wealth", the populist ideas of 1968 when George Wallace ran for president, and Rospero's participation as an independent candidate in 1992. The populist features and connotations displayed in the election campaign. In the 21 century, due to the special social background such as the terrorist attacks and the 2008 financial crisis, the living standards of the people have declined, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened, and terror and war have brought people serious social unrest. This has led to strong dissatisfaction with the government, with new populist waves such as the right-wing Tea Party movement and the left-wing Occupy Wall Street movement, which culminated in a Trump campaign in the 2016 U.S. election. Populism in the United States in the history of the development cycle, with a certain rule, basically every 30 years will come back to populism. It is often closely connected with and at the service of politics. It has repeatedly come back to reflect the profound social and political crisis under the special historical conditions of the United States. This wave of populism in the early 21 century is a response to many current political, economic and social crises in the United States, which will undoubtedly have an important and far-reaching impact on American politics in the future. The most obvious manifestation is that in certain periods, such as presidential elections and social unrest, the revival of populism has led to changes in political decisions and changes in the development of the country. For example, in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Trump's election will be a turning point in American politics, which will reshape American politics.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2166511
[Abstract]:There is no widely accepted authoritative definition of populism, and the origin, manifestation and specific demands of populism vary widely in different countries and regions. But in general, populism emphasizes the opposition between "people" and "elite", emphasizes the importance of "popular" will, and mobilizes the masses to participate in politics directly. In the United States, populism has formed many waves in history, the earliest of which dates back to the late 19th century people's Party movement. These include the representative of the 1930s, Hugh Iran, and his plan to "share wealth", the populist ideas of 1968 when George Wallace ran for president, and Rospero's participation as an independent candidate in 1992. The populist features and connotations displayed in the election campaign. In the 21 century, due to the special social background such as the terrorist attacks and the 2008 financial crisis, the living standards of the people have declined, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened, and terror and war have brought people serious social unrest. This has led to strong dissatisfaction with the government, with new populist waves such as the right-wing Tea Party movement and the left-wing Occupy Wall Street movement, which culminated in a Trump campaign in the 2016 U.S. election. Populism in the United States in the history of the development cycle, with a certain rule, basically every 30 years will come back to populism. It is often closely connected with and at the service of politics. It has repeatedly come back to reflect the profound social and political crisis under the special historical conditions of the United States. This wave of populism in the early 21 century is a response to many current political, economic and social crises in the United States, which will undoubtedly have an important and far-reaching impact on American politics in the future. The most obvious manifestation is that in certain periods, such as presidential elections and social unrest, the revival of populism has led to changes in political decisions and changes in the development of the country. For example, in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Trump's election will be a turning point in American politics, which will reshape American politics.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 林佳;茶党运动的发展及其对美国政治的影响[D];复旦大学;2013年
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