呼和浩特市城市社区养老服务需求研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 12:36

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,高龄老人的增加引起“银发浪潮”,从而引起养老问题的重要性和必要性迫在眉睫。现在社会的传统家庭养老功能弱化、机构养老发展滞后,而城市社区的发展让我国找到了适合我国国情发展的新型养老方式——社区养老。社区养老是以社区为主体,综合家庭、社会和政府的力量为老年人营造了一种居住在熟悉的环境里、不脱离家庭与社会,并享受社区为老年人提供的生活照顾服务、医疗保健服务及精神娱乐活动等养老服务项目的养老方式,满足老年人的个性化养老需求。本文从发展性的角度对呼和浩特市辖区的474位城市老人的社区养老服务需求的差异性进行了调查、探讨和分析。首先,利用分层选样方法确定呼和浩特市新城区的新华社区、赛罕区的兴安南路社区、回民区的三顺店社区以及玉泉区的小西街社区的474位60岁及以上的老年人为有效研究对象。其次,对474位老人的问卷调查做了统计分析,了解了老人的基本情况进而分析老人养老需求情况。最后在此基础上运用描述统计分析及多因素logistic回归分析等方法分析了不同特征的老年人对社区养老服务中的经济保障需求、医疗健康需求、生活照顾需求及精神娱乐需求等社区养老需求的影响程度。结果表明:(1)经济保障需求方面,呼和浩特市城市老人的月收入、在政府机关工作、国企事业单位、私企工作、居住情况中的和老伴居住等因素与经济保障需求之间的回归系数均小于0,即呈现负相关关系,而只有独居老人对经济保障需求的回归系数为1.187,即呈现正相关关系。同时不同因素的老人对社区养老的经济保障需求发生比不同。(2)生活照顾方面,老人的年龄、独居以及其他居住情况等因素对生活照顾需求之间的回归系数均大于0,即随着年龄的增大以及老人越是孤独对生活照顾的需求就越大,而老人和老伴居住对社区的生活照顾需求之间的回归系数为-1.072,即呈现负相关关系。同时老人的不同因素对生活照顾的影响程度各异。(3)精神娱乐方面,主要是老人的子女数以及在私企工作的老人对精神娱乐的需求之间的回归系数均小于0,即呈现负相关关系。而老人的文化程度、年龄、和老伴居住以及在政府机关工作等因素对精神娱乐需求之间的回归系数均大于0,即呈现正相关关系。同时老人的不同因素对精神娱乐需求的影响程度差异明显。(4)医疗健康方面,主要是老人的年龄、老人和老伴居住、独居、在政府机关工作等因素对社区的医疗健康需求之间的回归系数均大于0,即呈现正相关关系,而老人的文化程度对医疗保健需求之间的回归系数为-0.84,即呈现负相关关系。而且老人的不同特征对医疗保健的需求的影响程度不同。最后立足于呼和浩特市城市老年人养老需求的差异性的分析,结合呼和浩特市城市社区养老取得的效应与存在的不足提出相应的意见和建议。为呼和浩特市城市社区养老服务满足老年人多样化的养老需求而做参考,进而有效解决人口老龄化带来的养老问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the increase of the elderly has caused a "silver wave", which has caused the imminent importance and necessity of providing for the aged. Community endowment is a new way of providing for the aged. Community endowment is based on the community as the main body, integrated family, social and government forces for the elderly to create a familiar environment, not divorced from family and society, and enjoy the community for the elderly to provide life care services, medical care services and spiritual entertainment activities and other old-age care services. This paper investigates and analyzes the differences of the community pension service needs of 474 old people in Hohhot from the perspective of development. Firstly, the stratified sampling method is used to determine the Xinhua community, Saihan district, in the new urban district of Hohhot. 474 elderly people aged 60 years and over in Xing'an South Road Community, Sanshun Dian Community in Hui District and Xiaoxi Street Community in Yuquan District were selected as the effective research objects. Secondly, a questionnaire survey of 474 elderly people was conducted to analyze the basic situation of the elderly and their needs for the elderly. By means of statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the effects of different characteristics of the elderly on the economic security needs, medical and health needs, life care needs and spiritual entertainment needs of community endowment services were analyzed. The regression coefficients of income, working in government organs, state-owned enterprises and institutions, private enterprises, living conditions and companion living and other factors with economic security demand are all less than 0, showing a negative correlation, while only the regression coefficients of solitary elderly on economic security demand are 1.187, showing a positive correlation. (2) In the aspect of life care, the regression coefficients between the elderly's age, living alone and other living conditions and other factors on the needs of life care are all greater than 0, that is, with the increase of age and the elderly are more lonely on the needs of life care, while the elderly and their spouses live in the community. The regression coefficient between the needs of life care is - 1.072, showing a negative correlation. At the same time, the different factors of the elderly have different degrees of impact on life care. (3) In the aspect of mental entertainment, the number of children of the elderly and the demand of the elderly working in private enterprises for mental entertainment are all less than 0, that is, showing a negative correlation. The regression coefficients between the elderly's educational level, age, living with their spouses and working in government agencies were all greater than 0, indicating a positive correlation. The regression coefficients of living alone, working in government agencies and other factors on the medical and health needs of the community were all greater than 0, which showed a positive correlation, while the regression coefficients of the educational level of the elderly on the demand for medical and health care were - 0.84, which showed a negative correlation. Finally, based on the analysis of the difference of the demand for the aged in Hohhot city, this paper puts forward corresponding opinions and suggestions according to the effects and shortcomings of the urban community endowment in Hohhot city. We should effectively solve the pension problem caused by aging population.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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