澳大利亚的南海政策研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 05:40

【摘要】：随着海洋资源重要性的日益提升,近年来南海区域的争端愈演愈烈。以美国为代表的国家通过增加军事存在来介入南海争端,加强与南海地区盟友的军事合作,推进军事演习;其次介入南海争端的区域外国家,也频频宣称存在相关利益,不同的战略利益目标导致了争端的激烈性,在介入南海问题的国家中,澳大利亚与中国和美国的关系特殊,相比美国和日本主动性强、规模大、更为迫切的介入,澳大利亚的"谨慎"和"中立"值得我们去深入研究。澳大利亚自1951年与美国结为军事同盟,在安全问题上一直倚仗美澳同盟。这种经济上与中国亲近,安全上与美国亲近的矛盾模式,决定了澳大利亚在亚太区域的特殊地位。中国的南海问题与澳大利亚这个模式联系紧密,既涉及了中国的领土利用又牵涉了美国亚洲政策动向,同时契合了澳大利亚对区域政治地位的谋求。那么澳大利亚在南海问题上的具体政策与态度是什么?面对盟友美国、贸易伙伴中国以及自身的国家利益,澳大利亚会做出怎样的选择?为了研究澳大利亚的南海政策,本文分为以下部分:第一部分,分析澳大利亚南海政策的发展变化,将该政策分为三个时期,即20世纪8、90年代,澳大利亚选择"面向亚洲"的时期,这一时期为南海政策打下了基础;20世纪初期,澳大利亚对南海区域的"密切关注"时期,这一时期澳大利亚开始形成其在南海区域的利益;2010年后的"介入"时期,这一时期澳大利亚跟随美国开始在国际场合宣布存在南海利益。第二部分,对澳大利亚的南海利益作出界定。要想研究其南海政策,要先整理出政策存在的原因,即澳大利亚在南海区域存在国家利益。第三部分,分析澳大利亚南海政策的内容和特点,其内容包括,强化与相关国家的军事合作、倡导多边合作和尊重国际法体系、强化美澳同盟关系;其政策特点就是存在鲜明的矛盾性,即一方面选择跟随美国的步伐,另一方面又不得不考虑与中国的关系。第四部分是分析澳大利亚南海政策变化的原因,主要是来自澳大利亚本身的利益诉求变化、来自美澳同盟的影响和来自中国的影响三个方面。第五部分是分析其南海政策的影响,包括对中澳关系的影响以及对亚太地区的影响。最后总结和分析未来的政策走向,特朗普当选之后,美国的亚洲政策发生了变化,菲律宾的南海政策也越发模糊,在此情况下澳大利亚的未来政策走向也有待进一步研究。研究澳大利亚的南海政策有助于我们全面了解其政策走向,分析其战略意图,更好的回应澳大利亚的介入行动,进行有针对性的,或由预测性的外交,以更好的发展两国关系,维护亚太区域的稳定。
[Abstract]:With the increasing importance of marine resources, disputes in the South China Sea region become more and more serious in recent years. Countries represented by the United States have increased their military presence to intervene in disputes in the South China Sea, strengthen military cooperation with allies in the South China Sea, and promote military exercises; secondly, regional foreign countries involved in disputes in the South China Sea have frequently claimed that there are relevant interests. Different strategic interests have led to heated disputes. Among the countries involved in the South China Sea issue, Australia has a special relationship with China and the United States. Compared with the United States and Japan, Australia is more proactive, larger in scale and more urgent in its involvement. Australia's "caution" and "neutrality" deserve further study. Australia has been a military ally with the United States since 1951, and has relied on it on security issues. This contradictory pattern of economic closeness with China and close security with the United States determines Australia's special position in the Asia-Pacific region. China's South China Sea issue is closely related to the Australian model, which not only involves China's territorial utilization, but also involves the trend of American Asian policy, and accords with Australia's pursuit of regional political status. So what are Australia's specific policies and attitudes on the South China Sea issue? What choices will Australia make in the face of its allies, the United States, its trading partners, China, and its own national interests? In order to study Australia's South China Sea policy, this paper is divided into the following parts: the first part analyzes the development and changes of Australian South China Sea policy, and divides the policy into three periods, that is, the 1980s and 1990s. Australia chose the "Asia oriented" period, which laid the foundation for the South China Sea policy in the early 20th century, Australia's "close attention" period of the South China Sea region, Australia began to form its interests in the South China Sea region in this period, and in the "intervention" period after 2010, Australia began to declare its interest in the South China Sea in the international arena following the United States. The second part defines the interests of Australia in the South China Sea. In order to study its South China Sea policy, it is necessary to sort out the reasons for the existence of the policy, that is, Australia has a national interest in the South China Sea region. The third part analyzes the contents and characteristics of Australia's South China Sea policy, including strengthening military cooperation with relevant countries, advocating multilateral cooperation and respecting the international law system, and strengthening the US-Australia alliance; Its policy is characterized by sharp contradictions, that is, on the one hand choose to follow the pace of the United States, on the other hand, have to consider the relationship with China. The fourth part is an analysis of the reasons for the policy changes in the South China Sea, mainly from the interest demands of Australia itself, from the influence of the United States and Australia Alliance and from China. The fifth part is to analyze the influence of the South China Sea policy, including the impact on the relationship between China and Australia and on the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, the future policy trend is summarized and analyzed. After Trump's election, the U.S. Asian policy has changed, and the Philippines' South China Sea policy has become increasingly vague. In this case, Australia's future policy direction needs further study. The study of Australia's South China Sea policy will help us to fully understand its policy direction, analyze its strategic intentions, better respond to Australia's intervention, engage in targeted or predictable diplomacy, and better develop relations between the two countries. Maintain stability in the Asia-Pacific region.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D861.1;D823

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