跟单信用证银行审单法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 15:37

【摘要】：作为“国际贸易生命线”的信用证由于其适用范围的广泛性、兑付程序的便利性而得到了全世界大多数国家的认同,进而在国际贸易中使用。在信用证交易中,开证银行在按照开证申请人的申请开出信用证后就承担了在受益人提交的与信用证规定相符的单证时向受益人付款的义务,单据是最重要的利益载体,因此银行审单就变成了信用证交易过程的焦点环节,也是最容易发生纠纷的一个环节。由于审单具有独立于基础交易的性质,事实上是单证的交易,因而审单的标准就成了确认是否付款的重要依据。国际上目前没有对信用证银行审单标准作出确切规定,但是却有其国际上的惯例。由于审单是表面上的,其独立原则导致信用证欺诈也成为令人头疼的问题。拒付或欺诈导致了信用证使用的下降,银行的信用度降低。信用证面临着严峻的挑战,解决其问题才是信用证发展的正确道路。我国目前对于信用证的法律制度略显空白,只有2005年生效的依据UCP500而制定的《关于审理信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定》,而现行的国际信用证跟单法律文件已经更新到了600号。相较国内立法状况的空白,国外的研究较为丰富,英美等发达资本主义国家多有关于银行审单问题的法律和判例,为国内的信用证纠纷解决机制提供了借鉴依据。在国际大环境中,UCP600和与之对应的ISBP745是目前国际信用证交易依据的两大国际法规则,在这其中也有关于银行审单标准、细则、风险的相关规定,然而由于国际上情况复杂、多变,并未进行详细、具体的规定,尤其是对审单的标准和风险的处理两方面言辞含糊,争议较大,因而常引起学界讨论和实践中的不一。本文由绪论和正文共五章组成。绪论部分介绍了文章的研究背景和意义、论文资料和研究方法,正文分为四个部分,第一部分介绍了银行审单的地位及面临的问题,第二、三部分分别围绕着审单标准和信用证欺诈这两个问题来尽心分析,第四部分提出了立法和司法两方面的法律建议。文章通过运用比较研究、归纳总结、实证研究的方法,通过分析相关的理论基础知识和对本国外国大量判例的分析,对信用证审单的标准问题、欺诈问题进行了研究,针对我国信用证和银行审单目前存在的问题提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:As the lifeline of international trade, L / C has been accepted by most countries all over the world because of its wide scope of application and convenience of payment procedure, and then used in international trade. In the letter of credit transaction, the issuing bank, after issuing the letter of credit according to the application of the applicant, assumes the obligation to pay the beneficiary when the documents submitted by the beneficiary conform to the provisions of the letter of credit. The documents are the most important carrier of interest. As a result, bank examination has become the focus of the process of letter of credit transactions, and is the most prone to disputes. Because the document is independent of the underlying transaction and is in fact a documentary transaction, the criteria for examining the document become an important basis for confirming whether or not to pay. At present, there is no definite stipulation on the standard of bank examination of letters of credit, but there is international practice. Due to the fact that the examination of documents is superficial, the principle of independence leads to the fraud of letters of credit (L / C) which is also a headache. Repudiation or fraud led to a decline in the use of letters of credit and a decline in the credit rating of banks. Letter of credit is faced with severe challenge, solving its problem is the correct way to develop letter of credit. At present, the legal system of letters of credit in our country is slightly blank. Only the regulations on handling disputes in letters of credit made according to UCP500, which came into effect in 2005, have been updated to 600 in the current legal documents of international letters of credit. Compared with the blank of domestic legislation, foreign research is more abundant, and developed capitalist countries such as the United States and the United States have more laws and precedents on the issue of bank examination, which provides a reference for the domestic dispute resolution mechanism of letters of credit. In the international environment, UCP600 and the corresponding ISBP745 are the two major rules of international law on which the international letter of credit transactions are based. There are also relevant provisions on the standards, rules and risks of bank review. However, due to the complexity and variability of the international situation, There are no detailed and specific provisions, especially the standard and the risk of the examination of the two aspects of vague language, controversial, so often cause academic discussion and practice of different. This paper consists of five chapters: introduction and text. The introduction part introduces the research background and significance of the article, the paper materials and research methods, the text is divided into four parts, the first part introduces the status of bank review and the problems faced, second, The third part focuses on the standard of document review and the fraud of letter of credit. The fourth part puts forward the legislative and judicial suggestions. By means of comparative study, summing up and empirical research, this paper studies the standard problem and fraud problem of L / C by analyzing relevant theoretical basic knowledge and analyzing a large number of domestic and foreign cases. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the problems existing in our country's letters of credit and bank documents.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.281

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