马克思主义理论视域下新中国屯戍制度变迁研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 07:48

【摘要】：新中国建设伊始,各类社会主义特色制度为社会各领域的发展构建出广阔的发展空间。制度作为获得社会秩序规范与稳定的重要途径,成为建国初国家发展与改革所重点关注的对象,及至改革开放,制度变革又成为社会转型的主线。新中国屯戍制度是我国边疆稳定和国家安全体系的重要组成部分,作为边疆治理中长期有效且影响深远的典型样例,其变迁发展过程无论于理论上还是实践中都累积了丰富的经验,是马克思制度理论中国化的重要实证对象,也是边疆制度研究中一个不可或缺的领域。由此,本研究力图通过对新中国成立以后我国屯戍制度构建与变迁历程进行梳理和分析,把握屯戍制度变迁的特征和规律,探讨屯垦制度变迁动力,剖析屯戍制度发展趋势,据此为当代边疆屯戍改革的有效运行寻求有力的理论支持和实践参考,有助于拓展和补充相关制度变迁理论和丰富我国边疆治理研究。以理论溯源为出发点,首先,从马克思主义制度变迁的理论脉络入手,通过对马克思唯物史观中与制度变迁相关的理论与观点再梳理,概括出社会生产力作为起点、阶级斗争是直接动力、国家权力是核心的理论脉络。其次,结合西方新制度经济学派的制度变迁观点,对应已有的理论阐释分别论述了生产力因素中的交易费用分析、阶级作为动力的人口因素影响、以及诺思国家悖论观点对于马克思制度变迁理论的补充与延伸。再次,总结已有的理论脉络,构建出既有制度变迁的理论分析维度:以生产力为基础的制度变迁成本考量、以社会主要矛盾为核心的制度变迁多样化、社会形态更替所体现出的制度变迁可设计性。最后,根据已有理论与框架,拟定基本研究命题:其一,基于成本衡量的制度同构式变迁,即国家制度与区域制度设计的同构性,以及不同区域同类制度变迁的同构性;其二,基于社会主要矛盾关系的制度差异化变迁,即制度的变迁是分时段的均衡过程,且基于不同时空环境的影响,显现出动态多样性;其三,基于均衡需求的制度变迁设计路径,即主动设计式的制度变迁具有不同的均衡达成方式,并被运用于不同的变迁阶段。根据研究命题脉络,实证层面也依次分为三个阶段:第一阶段,新中国成立之初屯戍制度的建构;以建国初期的周边局势与国家边疆战略制定为出发点,回顾了中国特色屯戍制度的确立,分析其确立的原则与方向、制度功能、制度价值等,由此导出建国初期屯戍制度的目标、效果和发展同构性,回应第一个命题。第二阶段,改革开放后边疆屯戍制度的变迁历程;分别从20世纪80年代和90年代的生产经营制度和体制改革层面,逐一分析新疆建设兵团、东北黑龙江农垦和西南云南农垦三个边疆垦区,勾勒出改革开放后边疆屯戍制度的变迁历程,并从体制结构、制度设计、机制实施三方面来分析此阶段制度变迁的差异化特点,回应第二个命题。第三阶段,在阐述21世纪初边疆屯戍制度变迁的既有路径的基础上,引入近年来党和国家边疆屯戍制度的规划设计、战略发展与具体布局,将事实与规划相结合,进而探索新世纪边疆屯戍制度变迁继续设计的均衡需求,从改进均衡、变革均衡、创新均衡等三方面循序渐进分析该阶段屯戍制度变迁的方向与趋势,回应第三个命题。通过对上述三个命题的理论分析与实证总结,提出两个层次的结论:一是屯戍制度变迁过程中呈现出的路径依赖、变迁的关系设计、变迁的规范设计等特性,综合体现了制度设计与实施所具的中国特色。更深一层而言,以边疆屯戍制度变迁的时域限制和地域影响实证研究,加深对马克思主义宏观制度理论中制度变迁观点的认识与理解,为未来中国特色社会主义制度的创新和发展提供经验参考。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the construction of New China, various kinds of socialist characteristic systems have created vast development space for the development of various fields of society. As an important way to obtain social order norms and stability, the system has become the focus of attention in the development and reform of the country in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China. China's garrison system is an important part of China's border stability and national security system. As a long-term effective and far-reaching example of border governance, its development process has accumulated rich experience both in theory and in practice. It is an important empirical object of the Sinicization of Marx's system theory as well as the border system. Therefore, this study attempts to sort out and analyze the process of the construction and change of the garrison system in China after the founding of New China, grasp the characteristics and laws of the change of the garrison system, explore the motive force of the change of the garrison system, and analyze the development trend of the garrison system, so as to provide a basis for the reform of the contemporary frontier garrison system. Effective operation seeks strong theoretical support and practical reference, which helps to expand and supplement the relevant theory of institutional change and enrich the study of border governance in China. Secondly, combined with the viewpoint of institutional change of the new institutional economics school in the West, the paper discusses the transaction cost analysis of the factors of productive forces, the influence of the demographic factors of the class as the motive force, and Noble's theory. Thirdly, it summarizes the existing theoretical context and constructs the existing theoretical analysis dimensions of institutional change: the cost considerations of institutional change based on productive forces, the diversification of institutional change centered on the main social contradictions, and the system embodied by the replacement of social forms. Finally, according to the existing theories and frameworks, the basic research propositions are drawn up: first, the institutional isomorphic change based on cost measurement, that is, the isomorphism of national and regional institutional design, and the isomorphism of the same institutional change in different regions; second, the institutional differentiation change based on the main contradictions in society, that is, institution Thirdly, the design path of institutional change based on balanced demand, i.e. the active design type of institutional change has different ways of achieving equilibrium and is used in different stages of change. It is divided into three stages in turn: the first stage is the construction of the garrison system at the beginning of the founding of New China; the first stage is to review the establishment of the garrison system with Chinese characteristics based on the peripheral situation and the formulation of the national frontier strategy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, analyze the principles and direction of its establishment, the function of the system, the value of the system, and so on. In the second stage, the change course of the frontier garrison system after the reform and opening up was outlined. From the aspects of production and management system and system reform in the 1980s and 1990s, Xinjiang Construction Corps, Northeast Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation and Southwest Yunnan Agricultural Reclamation were analyzed one by one. The second proposition is responded to by analyzing the difference characteristics of the system changes in this stage from three aspects: system structure, system design and mechanism implementation. The third stage introduces the system of the Party and the State Frontier garrison in recent years on the basis of expounding the existing path of the system changes in the frontier garrison in the early 21st century. Planning and design, strategic development and specific layout, combining facts with planning, and then exploring the balanced demand of the continuing design of the frontier garrison system change in the new century, this paper analyzes the direction and trend of the institutional change of the frontier garrison in this stage step by step from three aspects: improving the balance, transforming the balance and innovating the balance, in response to the third proposition. Theoretical analysis and empirical summary of the three propositions put forward two levels of conclusions: first, the characteristics of path dependence, relationship design, and standard design in the process of institutional change of garrison garrison, embody the Chinese characteristics of institutional design and implementation. Empirical study on institutional and regional influences will deepen the understanding and understanding of the viewpoint of institutional change in Marxist macro-institutional theory, and provide empirical reference for the innovation and development of socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the future.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D633

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